STUVIA 2024/2025
1. Science
2. Medicine
3. Surgery
MSK Emergencies EM
Sprain
Injury to ligament
Strain
Injury to muscle
Fracture
Cortical interruption
OLD ACIDS fracture descriptions
-Open vs closed
-Location (side, bone, reference pts)
-Degree/ angulation
-Articular involvement? (joint)
-Communication (Spiral, transverse...)
-Intrinsic bone quality
-Displacement fx
%
-Soft tissue injury
Spiral fracture
Encircles the shaft (twisting mechanism)
Longitudinal fracture
Follows the long axis of the bone
Oblique fracture
Fx not transverse but angled compared to axis (spirals up the bone)
Transverse fracture
Fx 90 degrees to the axis of the bone (goes across bone)
Impacted fracture
One fragment collapsed on other
Comminuted fracture
More than 2 fragments
Avulsion fracture
Tendon/ ligament pulls off a chunk of bone
Pathologic fracture
Fx d/t weakening of bone from another process
Stress fracture
Repeated trauma
Dislocation
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, STUVIA 2024/2025
Complete disruption of the normal articulating surfaces; can be with or without fracture
Description is distal bone compared to proximal
Subluxation
Incomplete dislocation
Greenstick fracture
Fracture extends through portion of bone causing it to bend
Torus (buckle) fracture
Buckling of cortex (usually on one side of bone)- stable fracture
Growth plate fracture
Salter harris classification I-V
Salter-Harris Fracture
Splinting is used for ______
bony and soft tissue injuries
Are splints circumferential?
No; casts are
%
MC type of splint
Orthoglass
Volar splint
Carpal fx, simple/ buckle fx distal radius/ulna, D/L, soft tissue injuries
Sugar tong splint
Distal radius/ ulna fx
Ulnar gutter splint
5th/ 4th metacarpal fx
Thumb spica fx
Scaphoid fx, thumb injury (even soft tissue)
Double sugar tong splint
Complex forearm/ elbow fx
Long arm splint
elbow fx
Stirrup splint
Ankle fx
Posterior short leg splint
Achilles fx (in combo w/ stirrup
Long leg splint
Knee injuries not tx with immobilizer
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