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Science Medicine Surgery Myelography, arthrography, and the reproductive system Questions & answers latest update 2024/2025 with complete solutionR203,87
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1. Science
2. Medicine
3. Surgery
Myelography, arthrography, and the reproductive
system
Myelography
Radiographic procedure to demonstrate the central nervous system within the spinal cord.
Injection Sites for Contrast Medium
L2-L3, L3-L4, and the cisterna Magna (Between C1 and Occipital Bone)
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Abnormality Demonstrated using Myelography
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP), Tumors, Cysts, and Trauma (Bony Fragments)
Preferred Contrast for Myelography
Water-soluble, nonionic, iodinated contrast for good visualization of nerve roots.
Locking Image Intensifier
To prevent accidental contact with sterile field or spinal needle.
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Reducing Patient Apprehension
Carefully and thoroughly explain the procedure, emphasizing the need to be still.
Common Body Positions for Contrast Injection
Prone or lateral with flexion.
Procedure to Control Contrast Medium's Movement
Table tilting (Gravity).
Hyperextending the Neck
To prevent contrast from entering the ventricular system and causing severe headache.
Recommended Initial Images for Trauma Patients
Cross Table lateral of the spine.
Myelography for Assessing Disk Disease
Preferred method for patients with contradictions to MRI.
Pathologic Conditions from Traumatic Injury
Herniated disk, bone fragments, tumors, and spinal cord swelling.
Patient Hydration for Myelogram
True (patient should be well hydrated).
Premedication for Myelography
True (premedication is common).
Improvements in Nonionic Contrast Agents
True (resulted in fewer side effects).
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, STUVIA 2024/2025
Changing Angulation of Examining Table
During myelography, the angulation of the table will change repeatedly and acutely.
Scout Image for Myelogram
Cross Table lateral.
Volume of Contrast Medium Injected
Approximately 9 to 12 milliliters.
Recovery Time for Myelogram
4 to 8 hours post-procedure.
Conus Projection
AP projection (supine on table) with CR centered at T-12 through L-1.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Injection of radiopaque bone cement into a painful compression fracture under fluoroscopic guidance.
Difference between Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty
Kyphoplasty uses a balloon catheter to expand the collapsed vertebra before injecting cement.
Interventional Radiology Procedures for Compression Fractures
Vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and mesh-container-plasty.
Common Complication in Compression Fracture Treatment
Leakage of bone cement.
Purpose of Diskography
To determine if the disk is the source of chronic back pain.
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Injections for Pain Management
Corticosteroids and anesthetic to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.
Body Positions for Pain Management Procedures
Prone and lateral recumbent with the spine flexed.
Structures of the Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord.
Forebrain
Cerebrum.
Hindbrain
Cerebellum, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.
Largest Part of the Brain
Cerebrum.
Divisions of the Cerebrum
Right and left hemispheres divided by longitudinal fissure.
Outer Covering of the Meninges
Dura Mater.
Location of the Fourth Ventricle
Hindbrain.
Exam to Demonstrate Subarachnoid Space
Myelography.
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