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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems – MCAT || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
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What does a vector measure? correct answers magnitude/size and direction What do scalars measure? correct answers Magnitude/size What is distance? correct answers how far something has traveled What is speed? correct answers how fast something is going What is velocity? correct answers ...

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  • August 16, 2024
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems –
MCAT || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
What does a vector measure? correct answers magnitude/size and direction

What do scalars measure? correct answers Magnitude/size

What is distance? correct answers how far something has traveled

What is speed? correct answers how fast something is going

What is velocity? correct answers how fast something is going in a certain direction
(Displacement/time)

What is a vector sum? correct answers addition if vectors together

What is the rate of speed? correct answers distance over time

What is instantaneous speed? correct answers Velocity of an object at a particular time

What is acceleration? correct answers the change in velocity over time

What is Newtons 1st Law of Motion? correct answers an object remains at rest or moving
uniformly forward unless acted on by another force

What is Newtons 2nd Law of Motion? correct answers Force equals mass times acceleration

What is Newtons 3rd Law of Motion? correct answers For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction

What is center if mass? correct answers point where an objects mass is evenly distributed around

What is torque? correct answers force times distance on the moment arm

What is an Acid/Base Catalysis? correct answers When enzymes act as either acids or bases

What is a covalent catalysis? correct answers when enzymes form a covalent bond

What is an electrostatic catalysis? correct answers when enzymes help to stabilize charges to
help the substance work better

What is the proximity and orientation effect? correct answers when enzymes that are close to
substrates that are in the correct orientation bind

What is the purpose of enzymes? correct answers increase the rate if biological reactions

,What are the five stages of Enzyme Binding? correct answers S1: Separated enzyme and
substrate
S2: initial binding of the E and S
S3: induced fit of the E and S
S4: Reaction begins to split S from E
S5: Products are created and released from E

What is an active site? correct answers Where reactions take place on an enzyme

What is an allosteric site? correct answers Where regulation takes place on an enzyme

What does an allosteric inhibitor do? correct answers decrease enzymatic activity

What does an allosteric activator do? correct answers increase enzymatic activity

What are the six different types if enzymes? correct answers - Transferase
- Ligase
- Oxidoreductase
- Isomerase
- Hydrolase
- Lyase

What is the function of a transferase? correct answers transfers a functional group from one
molecule to another

What is the function of a Ligase? correct answers Catalyzes a reaction between two molecules to
form a complex between the two

What is the function of a oxidoreductase? correct answers transfers electrons from one molecule
to another, in either the forward or reverse reactions

What is the function of an Isomerase? correct answers Converts a molecule into one of its
isomers

What is the function of a Hydrolase? correct answers Use water to cleave a molecule into two
different molecules

What is the function of a Lyase? correct answers Catalyze the dissociation of a molecule into two
different molecules without using water or oxygen-reduction reaction

Generally results in a new double bond or a ring structure

What does the term Enzyme Kinetics mean? correct answers Speed up reaction rate by lowering
the delta G in the transition state (lowering the activation energy of the reaction)

, What is the Reaction Rate? correct answers Speed the reaction goes at

(Change in concentration/change in time)=Rate

What is the Vmax of a reaction? correct answers maximum speed of a reaction

What happens in a feedback loop? correct answers Downstream products regulate upstream
reactions

What is the purpose of a positive feedback loop? correct answers increase the rate of the reaction
which increases the desired product formation

What is the purpose of a negative feedback loop? correct answers Decreases the rate of the
reaction which decreases the rate of formation of the desired products

What is a Homotropic Inhibitor? correct answers Substrate and the regulator are the same
molecule (ATP & ATP)

What is a Heterotrophic inhibitor? correct answers

What is the function of a Isomerase? correct answers Converts a molecule to one of its isomers

What is the function of a Hydrolase? correct answers Uses water to cleave a molecule into two
different molecules

What is the function of a lyase? correct answers Catalyze the dissociation of a molecule into two
different molecules, without using water or oxygen-reduction reaction (Usually generates a
double bond or a ring structure)

What does the term enzyme kinetics mean? correct answers Enzymes speed up reactions by
lowering delta G of the transition state (AKA - lowering the activation energy of the reaction)

What does the term reaction rate mean? correct answers the speed the reaction goes at (V=M/S)
(Rate=Change in concentration/change in time)

What is Vmax? correct answers Maximum speed of a reaction

How does a feedback loop work? correct answers Downstream products regulate upstream
reactions

How does a positive feedback loop work? correct answers Increase the rate of the reaction,
which increases the rate of formation of the desired product

How does a negative feedback loop work? correct answers Decreases the rate of the reaction,
which decreases the rate of formation of the desired product

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