__% of Earth's surface is represented by water
oceans contain ___% of surface water correct answers 70; 97
____ hemisphere is called the land hemisphere, and the ____ hemisphere is the water hemisphere correct answers northern, southern
Pacific Ocean correct answers largest ocean and has gre...
Oceanography || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
__% of Earth's surface is represented by water
oceans contain ___% of surface water correct answers 70; 97
____ hemisphere is called the land hemisphere, and the ____ hemisphere is the water hemisphere
correct answers northern, southern
Pacific Ocean correct answers largest ocean and has greatest depth
Atlantic Ocean correct answers about half the size of the pacific ocean and not quite as deep
Indian ocean correct answers slightly smaller than the Atlantic, largely a southern Hemisphere
body
Arctic Ocean correct answers 7% the size of the Pacific
Comparison of elevation of mountains and depth of oceans correct answers ocean has more
depth/elevation
Early exploration of oceans correct answers Pacific Islanders traveled long distances on small
islands that were widely scattered
-Phoenicians: Mediterranean Sea around Africa and British Isles
-Greeks: Pytheas reached Iceland 325 BC; Ptolemy map 150 AD
The Middle Ages correct answers Vikings explored N. Atlantic Ocean
-Iceland and Greenland 9th and 10th centuries AD
-Leif Eriksson Vinland
-Greenland, Vinland settlements abandoned by 1450 AD
Age of Discovery in Europe 1492-1522 correct answers Search for new Eastern trade routes by
sea
-Portugal trade routes around Africa (Prince Henry the Navigator)
-Europeans explore North and South American (Columbus, Cabot)
-Magellan and del Cano circumnavigate world
British Naval Power correct answers British Isles dominant naval power from 1588 to early
1900s
-Spanish Armada 1588
Capt. James Cook (1728-1779) correct answers -Mapped many islands in Pacific
-Systemically measured ocean characteristics
-Marine chronograph (longitude)
-Gave true shape of the continents
,Challenger Expedition correct answers The first wholly scientific oceanographic expedition,
1872-76; named for the steam corvette used in the voyage. Looking for new lifeforms in the
ocean
Bathymetry correct answers measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or
topography of the ocean floor
Echo sounder (sonar) correct answers -invented in the 1920s
-primary instrument for measuring depth
-reflects sound from ocean floor
Multibeam sonar correct answers -employs an array of sound sources and listening devices
-obtains a profile of a narrow strip of seafloor
-measuring the shape of the ocean from space
3 major topographic units of the ocean floor correct answers continental margins, ocean basin
floor, mid-ocean ridge
Passive continental margins correct answers -found along most coastal area that surround the
Atlantic Ocean
-not associated with plate boundaries: experience little volcanism and few earthquakes
Abyssal plain correct answers ON THE TEST
Features comprising a passive continental margin correct answers continental shelf, continental
slope,
submarine canyons and turbidity currents,
continental rise
Continental shelf correct answers -flooded extension of the continent
-varies greatly in width
-gently sloping
-contains oil and important mineral deposits
-some areas are mantled by extensive glacial deposits
-most consist of thick accumulations of shallow-water sediments
Continental slope correct answers -marks the seaward edge of the continental shelf
-relatively steep structure
-boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust
Submarine canyons correct answers -deep, steep-sided valleys cut into the continental slope
-some are seaward extensions of river valleys
-most appear to have been eroded by turbidity currents
-found in shelf and slope only (do not confuse with a trench)
-submarine land slide
, Turbidity currents correct answers downslope movements of dense, sediment-laden water
deposits are called turbitites
abyssal plain correct answers common ordinary ocean bottom
continental rise correct answers -found in regions where trenches are absent
-continental slope merges into a more gradual incline- the continental rise
-thick accumulation of sediment
-at the base of the continental slope turbidity currents that follow submarine canyons deposit
sediments that form deep-sea fans
deep-sea fan correct answers a cone-shaped deposit at the base of the continental slope. the
sediment is transported to the fan by turbidity currents that follow submarine canyons
Active continental margins correct answers Continental slope descends abruptly into a deep-
ocean trench
Located primarily around the Pacific Ocean
Accumulations of deformed sediment and scraps of ocean crust form accretionary wedges
Some subduction zones have little or no accumulation of sediments
Ocean basin floor correct answers area of the deep-ocean floor between the continental margin
and the oceanic ridge
Deep-ocean trenches correct answers -long, relatively narrow features
-deepest parts of ocean
-most are located in the Pacific Ocean
-sites where moving lithospheric plates plunge into the mantle
-associated with volcanic activity (volcanic island arcs, continental volcanic arcs)
Abyssal plains correct answers -likely the most level places on Earth
-sites of thick accumulations of sediment
-found in all oceans
seamounts and guyots correct answers -isolated volcanic peaks
-many form near oceanic ridges
-may emerge as an island
-may sink and form flat-topped seamounts (guyots or tablemounts)
Mid-ocean ridge correct answers characterized by: 1. an elevated position 2. extensive faulting 3.
numerous volcanic structures that have developed on newly formed crust
interconnected ridge system is the longest topographic feature on Earth's surface. Along the axis
of some segments are deep downfaulted structures called rift valleys
consist of layer upon layer of basaltic rocks that have been faulted and uplifted. MAR has been
studied more than any other ridge system
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FullyFocus. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R244,85. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
