What is the main structure of an atom? correct answers Nucleus-center (protons and neutrons), electrons surround nucleus, usually equal amt protons and neutrons.
*Ion= atom loses or gains an electron
What is a molecule? correct answers When a group of 2+ atoms are held together by sharing or t...
Oceanography Chapter 5 || A+ Verified Solutions.
What is the main structure of an atom? correct answers Nucleus-center (protons and neutrons),
electrons surround nucleus, usually equal amt protons and neutrons.
*Ion= atom loses or gains an electron
What is a molecule? correct answers When a group of 2+ atoms are held together by sharing or
trading electrons.
*Ex/water molecule=2 hydrogen atoms with 1 oxygen atom (covalent bonds=very strong, hard to
break- req alot of force)
What is the geometry in a water molecule? Why is it this way? correct answers The bonded
atoms (2H and 1O) of a H20 molecule are structured so both hydrogen atoms are on the same
side of the oxygen atom (BENT) versus in a straight line.
Oxygen has four bonding sites- no matter what two sites the hydrogen atoms occupy, the
molecule will still have a bend to it
What does the bend of a water molecule provide it? correct answers 1) The COHESIVE
property- the hydrogen bonds *+H to -O are strong enough for H20 molecules to stick together,
*water can bead up, *also has high surface tension
2) Universal Solvent- water molecules can also stick to other chemical compounds and reduce
attraction between the oppositely charged ions in compound-then separate bond to water.
3)Polarity-see next slide/
What is water's polarity? correct answers The bent geometry gives it a positively charged side
and negatively charged side. ->Dipolar like bar magnet
What are water's thermal properties? correct answers ...
What must happen to change the state of a compound (solid, liquid, gas)? correct answers
Attractive forces between molecules/ions must be overcome to change substance from solid-
>liquid, or liquid->gas.
*IE ADDING OR REMOVING HEAT
What are Van Der Waal Forces? correct answers Weak interactions that become signif. only
when molecules are close together. (solid or liquid states)
What is the diff between heat and temp? correct answers Heat= the energy transfer from one
body to another due to difference in temp.
*Kinetic energy and Potential energy can be transferred
Temp=the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of that substance.
*Changes when heat energy is added or removed from substance.
, What are the 3 states of water? correct answers Solid-molecules firmly attached, do not take
shape of container
Liquid- water molecules still interact, but have enough kinetic energy to flow past each other
take shape of container. *intermolecular bonds made and broken at greater rate
Gas-water molecules no longer interact with one another except at random collisions, flow freely
to fill container.
What are water's change of state points? correct answers *Melting point-enough hear added to
solid to get liquid
*Freezing point-enough heat removed from liquid to get solid..both occur at 0degrees C
*Boiling point-enough heat to liquid to get gas *Condensation point-enough heat removed from
gas to get liquid...both occur at 100degreesC
**Freezing/boiling pt unusually high compared to other substances.- UNUSUAL BEND IN
GEOMETRY makes bonds harder to break, requiring more heat energy to be added/removed to
overcome bonds.
What is heat capacity? correct answers The amount of temp required to raise a substance's temp
by 1 degree centigrade.
*High heat capacity= Only small change in substance's temp with lots of added/lost heat
*Low heat capacity= Substsances easily change temperature with little amt of heat lost or added.
Why does water have a higher heat capacity? correct answers Takes much more energy to
increase kinetic energy of hygroden-bonded water molecules versus molecules with weaker Van
der Waals bonds
What is latent heat of water? correct answers The hidden heats of water absorbed/released when
it undergoes a state of change, melts/freezes, boils/condenses.
*ex sweat cools-absorbs heat, vapor warms-releases heat
what is the latent heat of melting? correct answers the energy needed to break the intermolecular
bonds that hold molecules in place in ice
Why is the latent heat of vaporization so much more than the latent heat of melting? correct
answers It takes much more heat energy to break apart the molecules enough to move around in
a gaseous form (freely) versus enough to slightly break the bonds and have the molecules move
slightly past one another in liquid.
*80 calories/1 gram of water
What is the latent heat of evaporation? correct answers amt of heat that must be added to 1 gram
of a substance at its boiling pt to break the intermol bonds and change state from liquid->gas.
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