ESS EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
Environmental Value System (EVS) - ANSWERSThe way in which an individual perceives and solves environmental issues.
Ecocentric - ANSWERSA nature-centered EVS that believes that ecology and nature should be preserved.
Anthropocentric - ANSWERS...
Environmental Value System (EVS) - ANSWERSThe way in which an individual perceives and solves
environmental issues.
Ecocentric - ANSWERSA nature-centered EVS that believes that ecology and nature should be preserved.
Anthropocentric - ANSWERSA people-centered EVS that believes that humans must sustainably manage
the global system.
Technocentric - ANSWERSA technology-centered EVS that believes that humans can solve any problem
using scientific research.
Deep Ecologists - ANSWERSA smaller EVS that believes that nature is more important than humanity.
Soft Ecologist - ANSWERSA smaller EVS that believes in small scale and local action in the community.
Environmental Managers - ANSWERSA smaller EVS that believes that proper management of resources
can help improve the environment.
Cornucopians - ANSWERSA smaller EVS that believes that humans will always find a way to get out of any
problem, and believe that humans are more important than the environment.
System - ANSWERSA way of visualizing a complex set of interactions that are linked together. It is
comprised of energy storages and energy flows.
Storages - ANSWERSA place in a system where energy is stored.
, Flows - ANSWERSA place in a system where energy can be transferred or transformed. Provides inputs
and outputs for a system.
Transfer - ANSWERSA change in the location of energy in a system without changing the chemical nature
or the state of the energy.
Transformation - ANSWERSA change in the chemical nature or the state of energy in a system.
Open System - ANSWERSA system that exchanges both matter and energy across its boundaries and
surroundings. All ecosystems are this type of system.
Closed System - ANSWERSA system that exchanges energy across its boundaries and surroundings (but
does not exchange matter across its boundaries or surroundings). Does not exist naturally on Earth. Only
exists experimentally.
Isolated System - ANSWERSA hypothetical system that does not exchange matter nor energy across its
boundaries or surroundings. Does not exist in real life.
Model - ANSWERSA simplified or smaller version of reality that may involve some approximations or
inaccuracies.
Reductionist Approach - ANSWERSAn approach that looks at each individual part of a system.
Holistic Approach - ANSWERSAn approach that looks at the system as a whole.
Gaia Hypothesis - ANSWERSA hypothesis made by James Lovelock in the 1960's that views Earth as one
single living system.
First Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWERSEnergy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
Second Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWERSThe entropy of any isolated system always increases.
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