BBH 101 Exam 2 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Healthy Behaviors ✅-a health-enhancing behavior or habit
-ex: exercising regularly, using sunscreen, healthy eating, practicing safe sex, wearing
seat belts, getting enough sleep
Health-Risk Behaviors ✅-a health-comprising behavior or habit
-ex: smoking, excessive eating, substance abuse, dangerous driving, risky sexual
behaviors
Health-Related Behaviors interact and are often ______ ✅Interrelated
Alameda Health Study ✅-took 9 and half years
-the mortality of men who regularly practiced all seven health habits was 28 percent of
the mortality of those who had practiced three or fewer healthy behaviors
Alameda Health Study: Good Health Behaviors ✅-sleeping seven to eight hours daily
-never smoking
-being at or near a healthy body weight
-moderate use of alcohol
-regular physical exercise
-eating breakfast
-avoiding between-meal snacking
Alameda Health Study: Risks for premature death ✅-Smoking and other forms of
tobacco use
-Eating high-fat and low-fiber foods
-Not engaging in enough physical activity
-Abusing alcohol or other drugs
- Not using proven medical methods for preventing or diagnosing disease early
- Engaging in violent behavior
The Health Belief Model (HBM) ✅-emphasizes the interacting factors that influence our
decision making about health behaviors
Theory of Planned Behavior (TTM) ✅1. Pre-contemplation - "I have no plans to quit
smoking"
2.Contemplation- "I need to quit smoking"
3. Preparation- I've seen a doctor and told her I'm going to quit smoking. She wrote me
a prescription to help"
4. Action- "I haven't smokes in 2 weeks"
,5. Maintenance - "I have been tobacco free for 6 months"
Theory of Planned Behavior (TTM) :
Transtheoretical Model:
"Stages of Change" ✅-assesses a persons readiness to act on a new, healthier
behavior
-identifies strategies and processes to guide the individual through the stages of change
to successful action and maintenance
-stages are NOT mutually exclusive & ppl do not always move sequentially through
discrete stages
Prevention: Primary Prevention ✅-Health-enhancing efforts to prevent disease or
injury from occurring
Ex: Wearing seat belts, practicing good nutrition, exercising, avoiding smoking,
obtaining
regular health screening
Prevention: Secondary Prevention ✅-Actions taken to identify and treat an illness or
disability early in its occurrence
-Ex: Monitoring symptoms, taking medication, dietary changes, following treatment
Prevention: Tertiary Prevention ✅-Actions taken to contain damage once a disease or
disability has progressed beyond its early stages.
-Example for cancer: Radiation therapy Chemotherapy
-Less cost-effective and less beneficial than primary or secondary prevention
-Most common form of health care
Prevention: Compression of Morbidity ✅- focuses on the individual's quality-adjusted
life years, health psychologists seek to limit the time that a person spends ill or infirm
-as illustrated in this diagram of the illnesses and eventual deaths of identical twin
brothers. Although the brothers carry the same disease vulnerabilities and life-span-
limiting genetic clocks, the healthy lifestyle of one (b) keeps disease and disability at
bay until primary aging is well advanced. In contrast, the unhealthy lifestyle of his
brother (a) takes its toll at a much younger age.
Healthy People 2020 recommends ... ✅-150 minutes of total exercise each week
Why Don't Adults Exercise More? ✅-It's never too late to start
-Myths associated with exercise
Why Don't Adults Exercise More? : Exercise Self-Efficacy ✅-Beliefs regarding benefits
and ability to perform physical skills (exercise self-efficacy)
Healthy Sleep ✅-May be "elixir of health"
-One in five adults experience sleep deprivation that may be caused by:
Sleep Debt ✅-Promotes increased body weight
-Suppresses immune function
- Effects can mimic accelerated aging
Promoting Healthy Families and Communities ✅Community health psychology
High-Risk Family Characteristics ✅-Overt conflict
-Deficient nurturing
Family Barriers ✅-Health habits are often acquired from parents and others who model
health-compromising behaviors
-Ex: Obese parents are more likely to have obese children
Children of problem drinkers are themselves at increases risk of abusing alcohol
Health System Barriers ✅-Medicine tends to focus on treatment rather than
prevention, early warning signs go undetected
-Economic forces undermine the efforts of health care workers to promote preventive
measures
-In 2010, 49 million Americans do not have health insurance
Who Are the Uninsured? ✅-80 percent come from working families
- Only 27 percent come from families with income below the poverty level
-Single adults are at high risk
-Two-thirds cite the high cost of insurance as the main reason
Community Barriers ✅-People are more likely to adopt health-enhancing behaviors
when they are promoted by community organizations
-Some environments promote health-compromising behaviors
-Ex: alcohol use and binge drinking are more prevalent among college students than
among their peers who do
not attend college
Community Health Psychology and Injury Control ✅- Injury is the leading cause of
death among people between ages 1 and 44
-Use of terms "injury" and "trauma" have replaced "accident"
-3 accepted strategies for injury prevention programs:
1. Education and behavior change
2. Legislation and enforcement
3. Engineering and technology
Community Health Education: Health Education ✅-any planned intervention involving
communication that promotes the learning of healthier behavior
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