Mastering Chemical Compounds: A Student’s Guide to Naming and Understanding Bonds
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Course
Chemistry
Institution
Sophomore / 10th Grade
This document breaks down the basics of naming and understanding different types of chemical compounds, perfect for high school students getting into chemistry. You'll learn how to identify and name covalent and ionic compounds, acids, bases, and hydrates. It covers everything from the elements inv...
Chemistry - part 5 (nomenclature of ionic, covalent compounds, acids, bases, and hydrates)
Subjects
ionic compounds
covalent bonds
nomenclature
polyatomic ions
binary acids
transition metals
hydrates
greek prefixes
crystal lattices
oxidation numbers
chemistry
high school chemistry
Written for
Sophomore / 10th grade
Chemistry
2
Seller
Follow
artauzuk
Content preview
Naming Ionic, Covalent
Compounds, Acids, Bases, and
Hydrates
Compound: A substance formed when two or more elements chemically
bond together.
Covalent Compounds
The oxygen (O2) we inhale is an example of a diatomic molecule. Covalent
compounds consist of neutral atoms, typically nonmetals like H2O, CO2, and
C12H22O11. These compounds have low melting and boiling points, often
appearing as gases or liquids at room temperature. They feature covalent
bonds where electrons are shared and exist as distinct molecules.
Remember the exception as BRINClHOF: Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2.
The O2 you breathe is a diatomic molecule.
Naming Covalent Compounds:
1. Count the number of atoms for each nonmetal element.
2. Select the appropriate Greek prefix based on the number of atoms:
, Examples:
N2O5: Dinitrogen Pentoxide
CO: Carbon Monoxide
Formulas for Covalent Compounds:
1. Refer to the Greek prefix.
2. Assign the appropriate number of atoms to the elements involved.
Examples:
Dinitrogen Tetraoxide: N2O4
Carbon Monoxide: CO
Ionic Compounds
When you think of ionic compounds, think of salts like NaCl, CaCO3, and KF.
These compounds generally consist of a metal paired with one or more
nonmetals. They feature cations and anions, which balance out to maintain a
neutral charge. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and
form ionic bonds through electron transfer. These compounds exist as crystal
lattices, with the unit cell being the smallest repeating structure.
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