Koch and his Postulates - 1. the microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but
absent in healthy individuals
2. the suspected organism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
3. the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host
...
Koch and his Postulates - 1. the microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but
absent in healthy individuals
2. the suspected organism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
3. the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host
4. the same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host
Developments due to Koch's Postulates - 1. Agar (Fanny Hess)
2. Petri Dish (Richard Petri)
3. Nutrient broth and nutrient agar
4. Method for isolated microorganisms
5. Aseptic techniques
Agostini Bassi (1773-1856) - - showed that a disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus
Alexander Fleming - 1928
1. discovered the first antibiotic
-observed that Penicillin fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S. aureus
Antony van Leeuwenhoek - 1632-1723
,First person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately with microscope that could magnify 50-
300 times
Called microbes --> animalcules
-had giardiasis at the time
Atomic Force Microscope - 1. sharp probe moves over surface of specimen at constant distance
2. used to study surfaces that do not conduct electricity well.
Bacillus anthracis
-Gram +/Gram - ?
-Spore Forming?
-Motile?
-Pathogenic?
-Morphology?
-Clinical Signs
-Sensitive to?
-Lifestyle - -Gram +
-forms endospores
-non-motile
-cutaneous --> most common /inhalation --> most deadly
-large rods/single short chain
-Ferdinand Cohn 1872
-edema factor/lethal/protective antigen
-Penicillin
-Mesophile, faculative anaerobe
Binomial Nomenclature - Carolus Linnaeus (1750)
, genus is always capitalized, the species is lowercase
can abbreviate after first use
Classification Schemes
Two Groups
Five Kingdoms
Three Domain System - Two Groups - Aristotle
= Plantae + Animalia
Five Kingdoms
Monera, Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
Three Domain System
- Carl Woese
- Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Clostridium difficile
-Gram +/Gram - ?
-Spore Forming?
-Motile?
-Pathogenic?
-Morphology?
-Clinical Signs
-Sensitive to?
-Lifestyle - Gram +
-spore forming
-motile
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PatrickKaylian. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R142,83. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
