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NURS 3366 RRD #1 Intracellular Functions and Disorders
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NURS 3366 EXAM 2, PATHO Exam 1 Questions WithComplete Solutions
***In each category of autosomal dominant and autosomal
recessive disorders, be sure you are able to figure out the percent
chance of two people with certain genotypes having children
with varying genotypes & possible phenotypes - do this with
Punnett squares Correct Answers ***In each category of
autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive disorders, be sure
you are able to figure out the percent chance of two people with
certain genotypes having children with varying genotypes &
possible phenotypes - do this with Punnett squares
1 LOD examples Correct Answers desquamation of skin
blinking, tears into glands, skin and acidity
1 LOD for GI Correct Answers - saliva
- stomach pH
- gag reflex
- good microbes and defecation
1 LOD for GI stressors that can breach defenses? Correct
Answers - Sjogrens syndrome dries up mouth
- antibiotics in stomach changes bowel microbiome
1 LOD for respiratory system Correct Answers mucus in nose
and ears
- cilia in bronchi
- cough reflex
1 LOD for urinary Correct Answers - urinate bacteria
,- vagina slightly acidic
-
1 LOD is breached, 2nd LOD
3rd STEP
What is the result of 2nd step of vasodilation & increased
vascular permeability? Correct Answers 1. Increased blood
flow to site
2. Neutrophils migrate to tissue
3. Monocytes INSIDE tissue become Macrophage
1 LOD is breached, it is up to 2nd LOD. 2nd STEP
What is the result of leukotriene, histamine and proflammatory
prostraglandins? Correct Answers 1. H.L.P release causes
2.Vasodilation and Increased Vascular Permeability causes
3. SHEP is Swelling, Heat, Erythema and Pain
1 LOD respiratory system stressors Correct Answers cilia gone
because of smoking
- cough reflex gone bc of head injury
1 LOD Urinary stressors Correct Answers - decreased urine
flow like kidney stones, kidney failure
- vaginal pH changes
1. Hypoglycema leads to what?
2. What does Cortisol & Epinephprine lad to?>
3. GLucagon & GH?
4. Glycogenolysis?
5. Gluconeogenesis?
6. Back up plan 1?
,7. Back up plan 2?
8. Ketones? Correct Answers 1. stress hormones> Glucagon,
GH, Cortisol, epinephrine
2. shakiness, sweat, hunger, EAT
3. Glucagon & GH start glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
4. use glycogen storage break down into glucose
5. glycogen used up, no glucose intake, breakdown fats then
protein for energy
6. triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids ; glycerol produces
glucose, fatty acids produce ketones
7. amino acids of proteins produce ketones
8. ketones are short term energy but lead to acidosis
1st line of defense Correct Answers immediate, nonspecific
and physical barries
1st LOD is breached, 2 LOD is activated detail the first step?
Correct Answers 1. Tissue irritation, then 2. Mast Cell
degranulates
3. releases histamine, leukotrienes and proinflammatory
prostaglandins
1st LOD is breached, 2nd LOD
4th step
What happens after Neutrophils and Macrophages in tissues?
Correct Answers - Neutrophils phagocytize non-self dangerous
ANTIGENS like cancer or microbes
- Macrophages phagocytize and PRESENT antigens to CD4
cells leading to 3rd LOD if needed
1st LOD is breached, 2nd LOD
, 5th step
What happens AFTER phagocytization? Correct Answers 1.
This triggers ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS (2nd inflammatory
reactors)
2. CRP, Complement Systemic Prostaglandins, Kinins
ENHANCE
3. Clotting factors occur
1st LOD is breached, 2nd LOD
6th step and FINAL
What happens as a result of Acute Phase reactants? Correct
Answers 1. APR causes 'Fuel on Fire'
2. attracts neutrohpils, CD4, clotting factors
3. opsonization, lysis
4. more pain, vasodilatin, permeability of vessels
2nd line of defense Correct Answers inflammation, immediate
and nonspecific
3rd line of defense Correct Answers delayed, specific,
immunocyte involvment
3rd LOD, SECONDARY Immune response Correct Answers
1. usually no symptoms
2. immune system acts rapidly
3. immunity
3rd LOD; Active vs Passive? Correct Answers 1. Active means
YOUR immune system developed antibodies
2. Passive means OTHER person gave you antibodies
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