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NURS 3366 EXAM 1,2 & 3 Patho Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 3366 EXAM 1,2 & 3 Patho QuestionsWith Complete Solutions
***In each category of autosomal dominant and autosomal
recessive disorders, be sure you are able to figure out the percent
chance of two people with certain genotypes having children
with varying genotypes & possible phenotypes - do this with
Punnett squares Correct Answers ***In each category of
autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive disorders, be sure
you are able to figure out the percent chance of two people with
certain genotypes having children with varying genotypes &
possible phenotypes - do this with Punnett squares
1 LOD examples Correct Answers desquamation of skin
blinking, tears into glands, skin and acidity
1 LOD for GI Correct Answers - saliva
- stomach pH
- gag reflex
- good microbes and defecation
1 LOD for GI stressors that can breach defenses? Correct
Answers - Sjogrens syndrome dries up mouth
- antibiotics in stomach changes bowel microbiome
1 LOD for respiratory system Correct Answers mucus in nose
and ears
- cilia in bronchi
- cough reflex
,1 LOD for urinary Correct Answers - urinate bacteria
- vagina slightly acidic
-
1 LOD is breached, 2nd LOD
3rd STEP
What is the result of 2nd step of vasodilation & increased
vascular permeability? Correct Answers 1. Increased blood
flow to site
2. Neutrophils migrate to tissue
3. Monocytes INSIDE tissue become Macrophage
1 LOD is breached, it is up to 2nd LOD. 2nd STEP
What is the result of leukotriene, histamine and proflammatory
prostraglandins? Correct Answers 1. H.L.P release causes
2.Vasodilation and Increased Vascular Permeability causes
3. SHEP is Swelling, Heat, Erythema and Pain
1 LOD respiratory system stressors Correct Answers cilia gone
because of smoking
- cough reflex gone bc of head injury
1 LOD Urinary stressors Correct Answers - decreased urine
flow like kidney stones, kidney failure
- vaginal pH changes
1. Be sure you know the flow & oxygenation/deoxygenation
portions through the heart—from right to left, including names
of chambers, valves, and vessels.
2. Then be sure you can also plot the flow going backwards—
left to right, such as what happens in heart failure Correct
,Answers 1. Be sure you know the flow &
oxygenation/deoxygenation portions through the heart—from
right to left, including names of chambers, valves, and vessels.
2. Then be sure you can also plot the flow going backwards—
left to right, such as what happens in heart failure
1. Hypoglycema leads to what?
2. What does Cortisol & Epinephprine lad to?>
3. GLucagon & GH?
4. Glycogenolysis?
5. Gluconeogenesis?
6. Back up plan 1?
7. Back up plan 2?
8. Ketones? Correct Answers 1. stress hormones> Glucagon,
GH, Cortisol, epinephrine
2. shakiness, sweat, hunger, EAT
3. Glucagon & GH start glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
4. use glycogen storage break down into glucose
5. glycogen used up, no glucose intake, breakdown fats then
protein for energy
6. triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids ; glycerol produces
glucose, fatty acids produce ketones
7. amino acids of proteins produce ketones
8. ketones are short term energy but lead to acidosis
1. What is the initial point where the electrical signal begins in
the heart, and what is its role?
2. Describe the path of the electrical signal as it travels through
the heart.
3. How is the process of electrical signaling in the heart similar
to a well-coordinated team?
, 4. What happens to each heart cell when it receives the electrical
message from the SA node?
5. Why is it important for the heart's muscle cells to contract in
response to the electrical signal? Correct Answers Think of
your heart like a well-coordinated team. It all starts with a tiny
but important leader called the SA node. This leader sends an
electrical signal, like a message, to the rest of the heart. This
message travels through the upper part of the heart (atria), down
to another important point called the AV node, and then down to
the strong lower part (ventricles).
As this message travels, it's like a chain reaction. Each heart cell
gets the message and, when it does, it gets excited and squeezes,
helping the heart pump blood. So, the electrical signal is like a
boss telling everyone when to squeeze and keep the blood
moving.
1st line of defense Correct Answers immediate, nonspecific
and physical barries
1st LOD is breached, 2 LOD is activated detail the first step?
Correct Answers 1. Tissue irritation, then 2. Mast Cell
degranulates
3. releases histamine, leukotrienes and proinflammatory
prostaglandins
1st LOD is breached, 2nd LOD
4th step
What happens after Neutrophils and Macrophages in tissues?
Correct Answers - Neutrophils phagocytize non-self dangerous
ANTIGENS like cancer or microbes
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