Important mechanism for those who experience adverse health outcomes cortisol
How is cortisol released? glucocorticoid that is released by the adrenal glands when activated by stress. Important for establishing homeostasis after exposure to a stressor
Diurnal pattern cortisol levels high in the m...
important mechanism for those who experience adver
how is cortisol released glucocorticoid that is
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BBH 311 Quiz Two Questions and
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Important mechanism for those who experience adverse health outcomes ✅cortisol
How is cortisol released? ✅glucocorticoid that is released by the adrenal glands when
activated by stress. Important for establishing homeostasis after exposure to a stressor
Diurnal pattern ✅cortisol levels high in the morning and decrease throughout the day
Cortisol sensitivity ✅more strongly predictive of glucocorticoid resistance and negative
health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, type 2
diabetes, and metabolic syndrome than total cortisol output
Heart rate variability (hrv) ✅the variation in time between heart beats
How vagus nerve affects heart rate ✅when stimulated helps activate the
parasympathetic nervous system
More variability=more parasympathetic influence
Vagus nerve stimulation ✅can be external or internally planted
Vagus nerve activity ✅difference between baseline and stress-induced may be
important
Vagus nerve stimulation barriers ✅cough
Hoarseness
Voice alteration
Parathesias (i.e., tingling/"pins and needles" sensation)
Rejection of device at site of insertion
Self-regulatory strength and hrv ✅may help to combat up regulation of hostile
thougths/feelings
Other ways to measure hrv ✅photoplethysmography - led lights
Electrocardiogram (ecg) -measures electrical impulses of the heart.
More accurate if there are electrodes on both sides of the body.
More accurate that ppg in general.
Particularly when hr is very high.
, Hostility and health ✅inconsistent findings between hostility and health
Cook-medley hostility scale ✅hrv baseline and stress induced hrv are measured using
three electrocardiogram leads
Cortisol is taken ca a salivette devices immediately before, and after a stress task then
every ten minutes for a 50 minute period
Results for correspondence of high hostility and cortisol (stress-induced) ✅no
relationship for people with high stress induced hf-hrv, however for people that have low
stressed induced hf-hrv there is a correlation between cortisol and hostility
Some hostile people can do what ✅regulate negative emotions so that they do not
experience maladaptive physiological consequences
What is inconsistent with health ✅hostility
Elevated placental corticotropin (crh) is associated with what ✅child obesity (fetal
programming of children's obesity risk)
Normally crh does what ✅reduces obesity
Maternal inflammation during pregancy and newborn telomere length ✅higher tnf-a/il-
10 ratio associated with shorter telomeres
Bottle vs. Breast feeding ✅bottle feeding is associated with metabolic syndrome and
programming due to earlier growth acceleration and intervention that can be used are
ideal bottle feeding
Child genetics and parenting behavior ✅the biological parents can influence the
behavior of a child that is adopted, thus influencing the adoptive parents behavior
Early-life stress ✅influence adult health in a number of different pathways even when
controlling for ses, including telomere length
Affect of low ses in children ✅leads to shorter telomeres and increased risk of infection
Peer relationships friendships and romantic relationship ✅high status-protected
against depression, low status (relational victimization, negative qualities within best
friendships, and negative romantic relationship predicted depressive symptoms
Parents relationship history and young adult romantic relationships ✅divorce causes
people to think negatively about marriage, parental conflict can lead to conflict in your
relationhships
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