BBH 311 - EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Course
BBH 311
Institution
BBH 311
During prehistoric times, most cultures regarded the mind and body as ---- Intertwined
The Ancient Greeks developed a ---- of illness humoral theory
the four humors Disease resulted when the four humors or circulating fluids of the body (blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm) were out of bal...
BBH 311 - EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
During prehistoric times, most cultures regarded the mind and body as ----
✅Intertwined
The Ancient Greeks developed a ---- of illness ✅humoral theory
the four humors ✅Disease resulted when the four humors or circulating fluids of the
body (blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm) were out of balance
The Ancient Greeks: Goal of treatment ✅- Goal of treatment was to restore balance
among the humors
- Certain personality types were associated with each of the four humors
History of the biomedical model: Renaissance ✅- a time in which scientists yearned to
learn more about medicine and the human body
- However, one of the only ways to learn about the human body was to dissect corpses,
which the Church forbid because it was believed that the soul was still in the body
Rene Descartes
Who found the solution to the problem over dissecting corpses, which the Church forbid
✅Rene Descartes
mind-body dualism
Mind-body dualism ✅claims that the mind and body are entirely separate entities
What was the result of Mind-body dualism ✅biomedical model
Biomedical model ✅- Dominated our view of health for over 300 years
- Disease is caused by exposure to a pathogen (e.g., virus, bacteria)
- We can help health by killing/preventing infection
- Still the prevalent model in medical training
Health in the 20th century ✅In the past century or so, there has been a giant shift in
major causes of death
Top causes of death in the U.S. ✅1. Heart disease
2. Cancer
3. Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
4. Chronic lower respiratory disease
ACTUAL causes of death in the U.S. ✅- Tobacco
- Poor diet and physical inactivity
- Alcohol consumption
How causes of death in the U.S. have shifted over the last 100 years ✅In the 1900s,
people died from things that are curable now (Common cold, TB, Flu)
Today, we are dying from LIFESTYLE diseases
Sir William Osler ✅- Canadian physician (1849- 1919) who was one of the four
founders of the John's Hopkins Hospital
- "It is much more important to know what sort of patient has the disease than what sort
of disease the patient has."
Biopsychosocial model of health ✅- Started with physicians recognizing the
importance of psychological factors to ailments
- Model posits that biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors), and social factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the
context of disease or illness
Behavioral health ✅individuals should maintain their own health and prevent illness
and dysfunction via a variety of activities
So how do we improve health? ✅In some cases, it is as simple as biology
- Remove the tumor, remove the bullet, increase insulin in diabetes
However, we should also consider modifying behavior
- What if there is no surgical remedy?
Pain conditions and chronic conditions with no cure
- In Western medicine, we are VERY quick to jump to
surgical and drug solutions
- Ignore side effects which may impact quality of life more than the original condition
Behavioral health: How to improve (3) ✅- 99% of people are born healthy and THEN
become sick
- We need to revamp educational and public programs
(e.g., childhood obesity attempts)
, - Workplaces need wellness programs that will reward people for acting healthy
(*actually cost effective in long run by reducing health care costs)
Levels of Health (6) ✅Cell --> Person --> Family --> Community --> Society --> Planet
"can Pete foytlin come say please"
Domains of Health (5) ✅Behavioral
Biological
Social
Environmental
Psychological
Why consider different levels and domains of health? ✅Most health problems are
multiply determined
- People do not live in isolation
- Everything, from cellular to global influences, can matter
- Physical and psychological well-being influence each other; however, the larger
environment (social, physical) also matters
- Most realistic approximation of the many influences on health
- Next generation of scientists must think across disciplines
- Helps break down barriers between fields - sometimes people do not know what they
are missing
- Ultimately, it will help improve patient care and population health
- A downside: it means juggling and integrating LOTS of information
Ecological systems theory ✅Urie Bronfenbrenner
Strong proponent of social and environmental influences on health
(DON'T have to memorize) - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and
chronosystem.
Level of influence: Cell
How difficult to intervene? ✅- Biological level (microbiology, genetics)
- Difficult to intervene on this level, but many
cutting edge therapies are being developed
• Stem cell therapy
• Gene therapy
Stem cell therapy ✅stem cells have the potential to repair, restore, replace, and
regenerate cells
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