1. Summarize the causes and management of diabetes (both type I and type II). correct answersType 1:
- Causses: genetic, usually diagnosed young, lack of insulin production, pancreatic atrophy, and specific loss of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans,
- hyperglycemia when 80-90% cells lost
-"...
1. Summarize the causes and management of diabetes (both type I and type II). correct answersType 1:
- Causses: genetic, usually diagnosed young, lack of insulin production, pancreatic atrophy, and specific
loss of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans,
- hyperglycemia when 80-90% cells lost
-"honey urine"
- 2 subtypes
1. Autoimmune attack of beta cells
- macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and NK cells
- HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4: not everyone has both alleles, and not everyone that has both gets diabetes
2. Idiopathic: nonimmune related (we don't know)
- Treatment: fast-acting and long-lasting forms of insulin
-fast acting is put into subcutaneous layer
Type 2:
- Non-insulin dependent: lose sensitivity to insulin via down-regulation of insulin receptors; "insulin
resistance"
-no receptor = no effect from insulin, need a different treatment
- 1 and 2- insulin shock (poorly managed diabetes)
- Can cause neuroglycopenia (loss of consciousness, brain damage, and death)
10. Acute:
- Polydipsia
- Nervous system malfunction
- Ketoacidosis
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Weight loss
- Aggravation of hyperglycemia
1. What are some of different options you could provide to someone to help prevent and/or treat type II
diabetes? correct answers- Maintain healthy body weight
- Nutritious eating pattern: moderate in calories, low in saturated fat, high in vegetables, legumes, fruit,
fish, poultry, and whole grains
- Control carbohydrate intake: 130grams/day, 50 g of sugar
- Regular physical activity
- Semaglutide or bariatric surgery: cause weight loss
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