Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) & Diversity
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Overview
1. What is EEO?
️ Treatment of individuals in all aspects of employment—hiring, promotion, training, etc.—in a fair
and nonbiased manner.
2. Is EEO the Same as Quotas?
️ No, they are n...
✔️ Treatment of individuals in all aspects of employment—hiring, promotion, training, etc.—in a fair
and nonbiased manner.
2. Is EEO the Same as Quotas?
✔️ No, they are not the same.
3. What are Quotas?
✔️ "Set aside" positions based on protected characteristics.
4. Are Quotas Legal?
✔️ No, they are not legal.
Key Legislation Related to EEO
5. Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963
✔️ Outlaws discrimination in pay, benefits, and pensions based on an employee's gender.
6. Justifications for Pay Differences under EPA:
✔️ It is permissible to discriminate if the differences are based on:
- Seniority systems
- Merit
- Quantity of production
- Quality of production
7. Civil Rights Act (CRA) of 1964
, ✔️ Bars discrimination in all HR activities based on race, color, religion, sex/gender, national origin;
includes provisions for religious accommodations regarding observances, appearance, and conduct.
8. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
✔️ Amended the CRA to broaden coverage to include state and local governments and educational
institutions; enhanced the EEOC's enforcement capabilities.
9. Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) of 1978
✔️ Prohibits discrimination in hiring, promotion, and termination based on pregnancy; ensures no
arbitrary mandatory leave dates for pregnant employees.
10. Civil Rights Act of 1991
✔️ Allows for damages for disparate treatment or unlawful harassment; jury trials for discrimination
claims; prohibits "race norming"; clarifies no reverse discrimination is allowed during affirmative action
plans; extends protection to U.S. employees working abroad.
11. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967
✔️ Prohibits discrimination in all employment areas based on age for individuals 40 and older; allows
age to be a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) in specific cases.
12. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
✔️ Requires reasonable accommodations for individuals with physical or mental impairments that
substantially limit major life activities.
✔️ Ensures employees must be reinstated to private sector jobs without loss of benefits or seniority
after military service of up to 5 years.
14. Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA)
✔️ Prohibits knowingly hiring or retaining unauthorized workers; employers must verify work
eligibility and maintain appropriate records.
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