Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 14 Families, Relationships, and Parenting
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Chapter 14 Families, Relationships, and Parenting
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14Student:
1. Which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is MOST heavily influenced by the increasing number of women
working outside of the home?
A. exosystem
B. macrosystem
C. microsystem
D. mesosystem
2. Chad's father spends three days a week away from home on business trips and is usually tired and
grouchy on the day he returns home. This causes stress in Chad's
A. microsystem.
B. macrosystem.
C. chronosystem.
D. exosystem.
3. Bronfenbrenner terms the setting in which the individual lives, such as family, peers, school, and work
a(n)
A. exosystem.
B. chronosystem.
C. macrosystem.
D. microsystem.
4. Bronfenbrenner terms the links between microsystems a(n)
A. mesosystem.
B. exosystem.
C. macrosystem.
D. chronosystem.
5. Bronfenbrenner terms the influences from another setting that an individual does not experience directly
a(n)
A. mesosytem.
B. exosystem.
C. macrosystem.
D. chronosystem.
6. Sometimes Michelle's mom takes work calls while they are eating dinner. This is an example of stress in
Michelle's
A. mesosystem.
B. exosystem.
C. macrosystem.
D. chronosystem.
7. Tony is a second-generation immigrant who is heavily influenced by his ethnic heritage and cultural
practices. This is an example of Tony's
A. mesosytem.
B. exosystem.
C. macrosystem.
D. chronosystem.
,8. Bronfenbrenner terms the culture in which an individual lives a(n)
A. mesosystem
B. exosystem
C. macrosystem
D. chronosystem
9. Gary complains, "When I was young, people stayed married to each other. Nowadays everyone's
divorced." Gary is comparing
A. microsystems.
B. exosystems.
C. mesosystems.
D. chronosystems.
10. In which social context does reciprocal socialization take place?
A. exosystem
B. microsystem
C. macrosystem
D. chronosystem
11. Steven now recognizes the signs indicating that his infant daughter needs a nap. This is an example of
A. reciprocal socialization.
B. scaffolding.
C. launching.
D. a mutual dyad.
12. Sheri's infant daughter mimics facial expressions and hand gestures. This is an example of
A. scaffolding.
B. a polyadic system.
C. a reciprocal interaction.
D. launching.
13. The phenomenon in which children and parents learn from each other is termed
A. reciprocal socialization.
B. mutual synchrony.
C. scaffolding.
D. launching.
14. After months of singing "Itsy Bitsy Spider" with her mother, baby Nicole is beginning to do some of the
song's actions by herself. This is an example of
A. mutual synchrony.
B. scaffolding.
C. reciprocal socialization.
D. mutual gaze.
15. Lori and Spencer have a loving and supportive marriage. What is a likely indirect result of their satisfied
relationship?
A. satisfied relationships with each spouse's family of origin
B. fewer personal friendships
C. sensitive, responsive parenting
D. increased involvement in community events
16. The main point of the epigenetic view of development is
A. a child-directed pattern of development.
B. a parent-directed pattern of development.
C. a bidirectional pattern of development.
D. that there is no relationship between genes and environment on development.
,17. involve(s) a parent or teacher adjusting the level of guidance to fit the child's performance.
A. Scaffolding
B. Reciprocal socialization
C. Developmental trajectories
D. A polyadic system
18. Subtle changes in a culture can have a significant influence on the family. What is one effect of increased
urbanization and mobility in our society?
A. Older parents and grandparents have lost some of the socializing role in the family.
B. Young parents depend more than ever on insight and help from their own parents in raising a family.
C. There has been an increase in heavy drinking, demoralized attitudes, and health disabilities.
D. Child rearing has become inconsistent and lackadaisical.
19. Which of the following is NOT a stressor often experienced by immigrant families?
A. language barriers
B. lack of support networks
C. change in socioeconomic status
D. pressure by mainstream culture to preserve one's cultural identity
20. Being single offers the potential advantage of , but the potential disadvantage of .
A. freedom; difficulty forming relationships with other adults
B. self-reliance; lack of intimacy
C. emotional distance; lack of physical intimacy
D. self-knowledge; feedback
21. Patricia is single and just turned 30. She is likely to feel
A. content with her independence and freedom.
B. societal pressure to marry.
C. resentful that most of her friends are married.
D. desperate to find an available partner.
22. In the United States, cohabiting arrangements
A. tend to be short-term, with one-third lasting less than one year.
B. tend to be long-term, with one-third lasting more than three years.
C. result in lower rates of divorce in couples who cohabit before marriage.
D. result in higher rates of marital satisfaction.
23. What percentage of U.S. adult couples cohabit before getting married?
A. approximately 75 percent
B. approximately 60 percent
C. 40 percent
D. 20 percent
24. Barton and Alonna just moved in together. They will MOST likely
A. split up within 5 years.
B. marry within a year.
C. live together for several years but eventually marry.
D. have a child within 5 years but not necessarily marry.
25. Ron and Sheri lived together for 2 years, became engaged, and then married. Compared to those who do
not cohabit, Ron and Sheri are more likely to
A. be happy.
B. be unhappy.
C. divorce and return to cohabitation.
D. divorce.
, 26. Scott and Kristine have decided to live together. Which of the following is TRUE regarding their
situation?
A. If they break up, it will be easier to divide property and possessions than if they were married.
B. Kristine is at an increased risk of experiencing partner violence than her married female friends.
C. They will find it easier to buy a house together than married couples.
D. If they marry later, the marriage is likely to last longer than if they had not cohabitated.
27. Sixty-year-old Wanda has moved in with her 62-year-old friend, Mike. Which of the following is MOST
likely true regarding their decision to cohabit?
A. They will most likely marry within 2–3 years.
B. They will experience significantly better physical health as compared to their married counterparts.
C. They more than likely moved in together for companionship rather than for love.
D. They are part of a declining trend in cohabitation among older adults.
28. In 2007, the U.S. average age for a first marriage for men was 27.5 years for men and 25.6 years for
women. These ages for first marriages are
A. basically the same as 10 years ago.
B. slightly lower than recent years.
C. rising for men, but declining for women.
D. higher than at any point in U.S. history.
29. Which of the following statements is true regarding marriage in the United States?
A. Domesticity is a highly valued trait in a future spouse.
B. A 1981 law sets the minimum age for marriage at 22 for males and 20 for females without parental
consent.
C. The vast majority of adults will marry at some time in their lifetime.
D. Chastity is the most important consideration in a prospective spouse.
30. In which country is chastity the MOST important factor in determining a marriage partner?
A. China
B. Japan
C. Sweden
D. the United States
31. When she is angry or stressed, Jackie confides in her best friend rather than her husband. Which of
Gottman's marriage principles does this violate?
A. overcoming gridlock
B. nurturing fondness and admiration
C. solving solvable conflicts
D. turning toward each other instead of away
32. Gloria notices an article that she thinks would interest her husband. She emails it to him, and they discuss
it later at dinner. This is an example of which of Gottman's marriage principles?
A. solving solvable conflicts
B. establishing love maps
C. overcoming gridlock
D. letting your partner influence you
33. Which of the following is TRUE of marital satisfaction?
A. Marital satisfaction is not correlated with parenting competence.
B. Individuals in happy marriages tend to live longer than those in unhappy relationships.
C People in happy marriages are likely to be more emotionally and physically tired because of the added
. strain of caring so deeply for another individual.
D. People in unhappy marriages are less likely to get sick, because they often receive therapy for stress
reduction.
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