Summary
Summary GENERAL PHYSICS SEMESTER 2
- Course
- Physical Sciences
- Institution
- 12th Grade
PHYSICS SEMESTER 2 Effective notes helped me maintain my B aggregate in Physical sciences
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GENERAL PHYSICS IIFINALS ALL TOPICS
– SEM 2 ALL TOPICS – ● “The magnitude of the electric force between
1.0 ELECTROSTATICS two charged particles is directly proportional to
the product of the magnitudes of the charges
● Refers to studying all phenomena with electric and inversely proportional to the square of the
charges at rest distance between them”.
1.1 ELECTRIC CHARGE
● Symbol: q ● Where F is magnitude of the electric force in
● SI Unit: Coulomb [C] Newton (N)
● Refers to the “electrics” that are carried by ● q1 and q2 - charges in Coulombs (C)
matter ● k - Coulomb’s constant in Nm^2/C^2
● Conductivity refers to the measure of the ease
at which an electric charge moves through a 1.4 ELECTRIC FIELD
material
● Symbol: E with an arrowhead
1.2 PROCESSES OF CHARGING ● Unit: N/C (Newton per Coulomb)
● It is the space surrounding a charged body
● It causes any electric charged particle placed in
1. Charging by Friction
● Occurs when two materials are rubbed it to experience an electric force
together causing the material to
become positively charged or negatively
charged
● It depends on the electron affinity of the
material (ability to attract electrons)
● uses the Triboelectric series, a diagram 1.5 ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE
that shows the order of materials
according to their electron affinity ● These are lines drawn from a point charge
2. Charging by Conduction representing the magnitude and direction of the
● It requires physical contact between the force exerted by that charge.
charging body and a neutral body ● Properties of Electric Lines of Force:
● The sign acquired by the neutral body is 1. Lines of force start from positively
the same as that of the charged body charged particles and end on negatively
3. Charging by Induction
charged particles or continue toward
● A process where a neutral body
becomes charged without physical infinity.
contact with a charged body 2. Lines of force either intersect or break
● The body to be charged is brought very as they pass from one charge to another
near the charging body 3. The greater the number of lines of force,
● Polarization is the process of separation the stronger the electric field
of charges on a neutral body
4. The neutral point is the point where no
lines of force pass which indicates a
1.3 COULOMB’S LAW
zero electric field in that point
GENPHYS FINALS PAGE 1
, GENERAL PHYSICS II
FINALS ALL TOPICS
1.6 ELECTRIC FLUX
● Symbol: Greek letter phi
● SI unit: Nm^2/C
● Came from the Latin word “Fluxus” which 2.2 POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
means “flow”
● Refers to the work done to move a by the
electric force in moving a unit positive test
charge from point A to point B
1.7 GAUSS’S LAW 3.3 EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES
● Formulated by German scientist, Carl Friedrich ● It is a three – dimensional surface on which the
Gauss potential is the same at every point
● It is a law relating electric field, electric flux, ● The potential energy does not change as a
and electric charge charge is moved over equipotential surface,
● The total electric flux through a surface is the thus, the electric field cannot do work on charge
total electric charge inside the surface divided ● The electric field lines and equipotential
by the permittivity of free space surfaces are always perpendicular to each other.
– SEM 2 MIDTERMS –
2.0 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY 4.0 CAPACITANCE
● Symbol: Uₑₗₑ𝒸 ● Refers to the ability of a capacitor to store
● Unit: Joules (J) charges
● The SI unit of capacitance is Farad (F), named
● It is stored through the potential effect of the after English scientist Michael Faraday (1791
electric field on an electric charge. –1867) who contributed to the field of
● If the charge moves in the direction of the electromagnetism and electrochemistry
● Is ratio of the charge in one plate to the potential
electric field, the potential energy decreases difference V between the plates
● If the charge moves against the electric field, the
potential energy increases. 4.1 CAPACITOR
● A device of storing charges
● Made up of two equally but oppositely charged
parallel conducting plates separated from each
2.1 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL/VOLTAGE other by a thin sheet of insulating material
● Refers to the electric potential energy per unit 4.2 DIELECTRIC
charge at that point
● A scalar quantity ● An insulating material placed between the plates
● SI unit is Volt (V) that helps in increasing the capacitance
GENPHYS FINALS PAGE 2
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