Name the three types of reinforcement from least to most intrusive (Duncan) - correct answer 1. Social
2. Activity
3. Tangible
Examples of social reinforcement - correct answer -Praise
-Smile
-Hugs
...
Name the three types of reinforcement from least to most intrusive (Duncan) - correct answer
1. Social
2. Activity
3. Tangible
Examples of social reinforcement - correct answer -Praise
-Smile
-Hugs
-Pat on back
-Light squeeze on shoulder
Examples of activity reinforcement - correct answer -Extra playground time
-A special recording or tape
-A party
-Tablewasher or other desirable privilege
-Playing with an intriguing new toy
Examples of tangible reinforcement - correct answer -Stickers
-Prizes
-Trinkets
-Tokens
What guidelines should teachers follow in using reinforcers? - correct answer
a. Unique to individual
b. Must be more desirable to child than behavior teacher attempting to modify
c. Expectations must be clear
, d. Awarded immediately after the desired behavior
e. First consider least intrusive reinforce; as naturalistic as possible
f. Use reinforcers less frequently when children begin to exhibit desired behavior
From the perspective of Duncan et al., what are the characteristics of effective praise? - correct answer
a. Specific: pinpoint specific aspects of child's behavior or product (rather than using vague, general
praise)
b. Delivered privately
c. Emphasizes improvement of process, rather than the finished product
Example: "Justin, you put each block in its place on the shelf"; communicates that she has paid attention
to and is genuinely interested in, what the child has done
Instead of using reinforcers to change students' undesirable behaviors, what did Wolfgang recommend
as a better way of changing their behavior? - correct answer Developmental
theory: attempt to change behavior by trying to understand developmental needs: specifically, what
may be causing such behaviors in the first place
Use supportive actions to help transition
What are our 3 basic psychological needs? (Ryan and Deci) - correct answer 1.
Competence
2. Autonomy
3. Relatedness
Competence - correct answer Definition: ability to do achieve/accomplish a
task
Social-contextual events related to achievement (feedback, communications, rewards) that increase
students' feelings of competence can enhance intrinsic motivation.
Autonomy - correct answer Definition: experience behavior as self-
determined.
Examples: choice, acknowledgment of feelings, and opportunities for self-direction.
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