,LCR4803 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Semester 2 2024 - DUE 16 September 2024 ; 100%
TRUSTED Complete, trusted solutions and explanations.
1.1 (a) The Films and Publications Act 65 of 1996 regulates
publications by making provision for a system of classification.
Name TWO possible classifications that can be given to
publications and indicate briefly when a publication will be
awarded each of these classifications. (5) (b) What is “virtual
child pornography”? What is the legal position surrounding the
issue of virtual child pornography? (5) 1.2 (a) Write notes on the
rationale for the crime of contempt of court. (5) (b) Name and
briefly explain the grounds of justification which can exclude
the element of unlawfulness in the crime of contempt of court.
(5) [20]
1.1 (a) Classifications under the Films and Publications Act
65 of 1996
1. Classification: "X18"
When Awarded: Publications classified as "X18" are deemed
to be explicitly pornographic and unsuitable for minors. This
classification is given to material that contains explicit sexual
content and is intended for adults only. Such publications are
subject to strict restrictions on their distribution and sale to
ensure they are not accessible to individuals under the age of 18.
2. Classification: "PG" (Parental Guidance)
When Awarded: Publications classified as "PG" are deemed
appropriate for general audiences but may contain some content
, that requires parental guidance. This classification is given to
material that, while not offensive, includes content that may not
be suitable for younger children without the oversight of a
parent or guardian.
1.1 (b) Virtual Child Pornography
Definition: Virtual child pornography refers to sexually explicit
material that depicts minors or sexual conduct involving minors
but is created through computer-generated images, animations,
or other artificial means rather than involving actual children. It
does not involve real minors but may still portray fictitious or
simulated minors engaging in sexual activities.
Legal Position: In many jurisdictions, including South Africa,
the legal position on virtual child pornography is strict. Despite
not involving actual children, virtual child pornography is often
prohibited due to its potential to contribute to harmful attitudes
and behaviors towards real children. Legislation such as the
Films and Publications Act and other child protection laws may
criminalize the creation, distribution, or possession of virtual
child pornography to prevent its use and the potential
normalization of child exploitation.
1.2 (a) Rationale for the Crime of Contempt of Court
1. Maintenance of Authority:
The primary rationale for the crime of contempt of court is to
uphold the authority and dignity of the judiciary. Contempt of
court ensures that court orders and proceedings are respected
and that the rule of law is maintained. It addresses behaviors that
undermine the court's ability to administer justice effectively.
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