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NU 214-1 MEDICATION CLASSIFICATIONS; ANTIBIOTICS EXAM
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NU 214-1 MEDICATION CLASSIFICATIONS;ANTIBIOTICS EXAM 2024-2025
What are antibiotics? - ANSWER Medications used to treat bacterial infections
*NOT viral
There are 3 steps to antibiotic therapy. What is step 1? - ANSWER Identify the
organism
Organisms are identified by growing a... - ANSWER Culture
*growing the bacteria
What is step 2? - ANSWER Determining which drugs kill which bugs
To determine which drugs kill which bugs it's important to determine drug
sensitivity.
If drugs are sensitive this means...
If drugs are not sensitive this means... - ANSWER Sensitive = will effectively kill
Not sensitive = resistant and will not kill bacteria
Drug cultures not only determine the sensitivity of an antibiotic but are also used to
analyze... - ANSWER Cost
*if 2 susceptible drugs are available, choose the cheaper
What is step 3? - ANSWER Determine the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) dose
Note: MIC Dose Example - ANSWER Gentamicin:
-growth at 0.4 mcg
,-no growth at 0.8 mcg
-no growth at 1.6 mcg
MIC = 0.8 mcg (1.6 mcg will work but if 0.8 will work, why give more?)
What are 2 main factors affecting the MIC? - ANSWER -Bacterial morphology:
structure of bacteria
-Gram Stain: G- vs G+
How do G- and G+ bacteria differ? - ANSWER G- bacteria have an extra layer
causing resistance to the gram stain and therefore resistant to some medications
Review of Steps of Antibiotic Therapy: - ANSWER 1. Identify Organism
2. Which drugs Kill which Bugs
3. Determine MIC dose
Antibiotics have to differ actions in which they treat bacteria. What are they? -
ANSWER 1. Bactericidal: kills bacteria directly
2. Bacteriostatic: inhibits growth of bacteria killing them indirectly (d/t lack of
ability to replicate)
Antibiotics also have 2 different ranges in which they will kill bacteria. What are
they? - ANSWER 1. Broad Spectrum: covers a wide area/range of bacteria
2. Narrow Spectrum: specific target; typically less risks and SE
Bacterial resistance to medication is typically among which spectrum of
antibiotics? - ANSWER Broad
*MRSA and VRE
Bacterial-resistant bacteria are more difficult to kill and require specific antibiotic
therapies.
Why is it so important to complete all prescribed antibiotics? - ANSWER Because
if not; it becomes easy for the bacteria to develop bacterial resistance
, What type of antibiotic therapy is Empiric Therapy? - ANSWER Treatment of an
infection before specific culture information has been reported
*using broad-spectrum antibiotics
What type of therapy is Definitive Therapy? - ANSWER Treatment of an organism
identified with cultures
*uses narrow-spectrum antibiotics
What type of therapy is Prophylactic Therapy? - ANSWER Treatment with
antibiotics done to prevent an infection before it can occur
*done after surgery, major dental procedure, or major traumas
What are some S&S of infection? - ANSWER -Inflammation
-Fever
-Redness
-Drainage
-Warmth
-Increased WBCs (in labs)
What is *goal* of antibiotic therapy? - ANSWER To clear all S&S of infection
while clearing up the infection
What was one of the first groups of antibiotics created making it the *prototype*? -
ANSWER Sulfonamides
What is the drug beginning for Sulfonamides? - ANSWER Sulfa-
*Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole
Because Sulfonamides were one of the first antibiotics, they are commonly
combined with other antibiotics such as... - ANSWER Trimethoprim (*Bactrim*,
Septra, Cotrimoxazole (SMZ-TMP)
Sulfonamides are (Bactericidal/Bacteriostatic). - ANSWER Bacteriostatic
How do Sulfonamides work to inhibit bacteria growth? - ANSWER *Competes
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