NUR 425 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
NUR 425
Institution
NUR 425
Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) what is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity and pharynx
Conducts, warms, filters, and humidifies air 2 components and purpose of the upper airway
Larynx, glottis, trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi (when trachea branches at angle of louis, bifu...
nur 425 practice test questions and correct answer
gas exchange o2 in co2 out what is the purpose
conducts warms filters and humidifies air 2 co
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NUR 425 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) ✅what is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity and pharynx
Conducts, warms, filters, and humidifies air ✅2 components and purpose of the upper
airway
Larynx, glottis, trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi (when trachea branches at
angle of louis, bifurcation = carina)
Trachea further warms, humidifies, filters + cilia propel mucous ✅4 components of the
lower airway and purpose of the trachea
Carina ✅when trachea bifurcates at the the angle of louis, trigger coughing when this
spot is hit
Work of breathing
(increased work of breathing = increased energy needed = increased oxygen needed)
✅what is respiratory effort referred to as?
Ventilation ✅what is mechanical movement of CO2 and O2 gases in and out of the
alveoli within the lung during breathing referred to as?
Diffusion ✅CO2 and O2 exchange at capillary level, driven by perfusion gradients
Perfusion ✅blood flow reaching alveoli and other tissues in the body
Resistance ✅anything opposing flow of gas (length, diameter of airway, flow rate)
Alveolus ✅Gas exchange in the lung occurs across the ____________ membrane
where O2 and CO2 diffuse across it in 0.25 seconds.
Ventilation has to do with physical strength and movements of muscle movements
around the lungs and the brain's ability to stimulate breathing
Oxygenation has to do with physiological problems with alveoli, arteries, veins, or
capillaries in gas exchange ✅what is the difference between ventilation and
oxygenation?
, Hemoglobin ✅what does oxygen bind to in the blood?
1. Hypoventilation (not breathing in enough leads to bot getting enough O2 to begin
with, low O2 coming in, low O2 diffused into the blood) ex. RR of 6 breaths/min
2. V/Q mismatch (ventilation not matching perfusion, ventilation but no perfusion "dead
space", intrapulmonary shunting causing deoxygenated blood to return to the L side of
the heart causing hypoxemia, perfusion but no ventilation "shunt") ex. Pulmonary
edema, PE
3. Diffuse limitation (gas movement from area of high to low concentration, diffusion
defect due to increased interstitial fluid impairs ability of O2 to diffuse over alveolar-
capillary membrane, hypercapnia is a late sign of diffusion defect) ex. Fibrosis,
interstitial edema
4. Low cardiac output ex. CHF
5. Low hemoglobin level ex. GI bleed
6. Tissue hypoxia (some conditions prevent tissues from using O2 despite availability
ex. Cyanide or carbon monoxide poisoning ✅6 issues that can lead to the failure of
oxygenation
Shunting ✅perfusion is good and flowing, but there is no gas exchange in V/Q
mismatch
Ventilation ✅what does the "V" stand for in V/Q mismatch
Perfusion ✅what does the "Q" stand for in V/Q mismatch
Hypercapnia ✅late sign of a diffusion defect that can lead to failure of oxygenation
No, it occurs due to a disease but it is not a disease itself
Ventilation problem - causes difficulty moving their lungs (get O2 in and CO2 out)
Oxygenation problem - can't get oxygen from the alveolus into the blood stream
May occur secondary to ARDS, COPD, asthma, pneumonia, or VAP ✅is respiratory
failure a disease?
1. Pao2 </= 60 mmhg when receiving a fio2 >/= 60% (hypoxemia)
2. Paco2 > 45 mmhg
3. Ph </= 7.35 (hypercapnia has caused acidosis ✅3 ABG values that indicate
respiratory failure
1. Failure of ventilation - difficulty moving their lungs (get O2 in and CO2 out)
2. Failure of oxygenation - can't get oxygen from the alveolus into the blood stream
3. Failure of both oxygenation and ventilation ✅3 Classifications of respiratory failure
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