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MBY Theme 1 Vocab With Complete Solutions
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MBY Theme 1 Vocab With Complete SolutionsArchaellum Question A long, thin cellular appendage present in many Archaea that
rotates and is responsible for swimming motility
Basal body Question the "motor" portion of the bacterial flagellum, embedded in the
cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall
Capsule Question a polysaccharide or protein outermost layer, usually rather slimy,
present on some bacteria
Chemotaxis Directed movement of an organism toward (positive chemotaxis) or away
from (negative chemotaxis) a chemical gradient
Chloroplast The photosynthetic organelle of phototrophic eukaryotes
Cristae The internal membranes of a mitochondrion
Cytoplasmic membrane The permeability barrier of the cell, separating the cytoplasm
from the environment
Cytoskeleton- the cellular scaffolding typical of eukaryotic cells in which microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments define the cell's shape
Lipicolinic acid- a substance unique to endospores that confers heat resistance on
these structures
Endospore- a highly heat-resistant, thick-walled, differentiated structure produced by
certain gram-positive Bacteria
, Endosymbiotic hypothesis- the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from
Bacteria
Flagellum - Answer a long, thin cellular appendage that rotates (in Bacteria) or has a
whiplike motion (in Eukarya) and is responsible for swimming motility
Gas vesicles - Answer gas-filled cytoplasmic structures bounded by protein and
conferring buoyancy on cells
Histones - Answer highly basic proteins that compact and wind DNA in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells
Hydrogenosome - Answer an organelle of endosymbiotic origin found in some microbial
eukaryotes that oxidises pyruvate to H2, CO2 and acetate and links this to the synthesis
of ATP
Intermediate filament - Answer a filamentous polymer of fibrous keratin proteins
supercoiled into thicker fibres, playing a role in maintenance of cell shape and the
positioning of some organelles in the eukaryotic cell
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) A mixture of lipid with polysaccharide and protein that
constitutes the major component of the outer membrane in gram-negative Bacteria
Lysosome An organelle containing digestive enzymes for hydrolysis of proteins, fats,
and polysaccharides
Magnetosome A particle of magnetite (Fe3O4) enclosed by a nonunit membrane in the
cytoplasm of magnetotactic Bacteria
Meiosis- Identify the process of nuclear division that reduces a diploid number of
chromosomes to a haploid
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