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MBY 161 Theme 4 Exam With Verified Solutions
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MBY 161 Theme 4 Exam With Verified SolutionsPhysical factors that are needed for the bacterial growth - Answer 1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Osmotic pressure
Chemical factors required for bacterial growth - Answer 1. Carbon
2. Nitrogen
3. Phosphorus
4. Sulfur
5. Oxygen
6. Organic growth substances
Temperature - Answer 1. Psychrophiles = Cold-loving microbes.
2. Mesophiles = Moderate-temperature loving microbes.
3. Thermophiles = Heat-loving microbes.
4. Psychotrophs = Microbes found in low-temperature food spoilage, growing relatively
well in refrigerator temperatures.
5. Hyperthermophiles = Extreme thermophiles
pH- Most bacteria grow best in a range of pH close to neutrality. Acidophiles = bacteria,
that are remarkable in their tolerance of acidity.
Osmotic pressure- Plasmolysis = loss of water resulting in shrinkage of cell's cytoplasm.
Extreme Halophiles = organisms that are well adapted to high salt concentrations and
require it for growth
obligate halophiles. Faculative Halophiles = grow at salt concentrations up to 2%.
, Carbon - Forms the structural backbone of all living matter.
Nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus - Required for protein synthesis, the synthesis of DNA
and RNA as well as ATP. Nitrogen required for nitrogen fixation.
Trace elements - Iron, copper, zinc, etc. essential co-factors of certain enzymes.
Oxygen bacterial growth -
Obligate aerobes - Organisms that require oxygen to live.
Facultative anaerobes-Organisms that developed the ability to exist in environments
devoid of oxygen.
Biofilms-A thin, slimy layer of covering bacteria that adheres to a surface. A hydrogel is
a complex polymer containing many times its dry weight in water.
Culture media-A nutrient preparation used for the cultivation of microorganisms in a
laboratory.
Inoculum - Answer Microbes that are introduced into a culture medium to initiate
growth.
Culture - Answer The microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium.
Petridish - Answer Agar media contained
Slants - Answer Contents of test tube allowed to solidify at an angle so that large surface
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