What is the role of the nurse in caring for children? Interact effectively with children and family. Modify physical assessment techniques to age. Identify strategies to reduce pain and stress. Calculate accurate medication dosages. Provide safety for child's developmental status. Adapt procedures ...
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NS 323 Exam 1 Questions and Complete
Solutions
What is the role of the nurse in caring for children? ✅Interact effectively with children
and family.
Modify physical assessment techniques to age.
Identify strategies to reduce pain and stress.
Calculate accurate medication dosages.
Provide safety for child's developmental status.
Adapt procedures to child's age and development
Goals in helping child and parents/guardians ✅Make informed choices
Adapt to healthcare settings
Prepare for procedures
How can we be advocates for family and children? ✅Enable child and family to adjust
to changes in child's health: in their own way and time, address needs of both children
and adults, awareness of resources, psychosocial needs
What percentage of the population is made up by children <18? ✅More than 23%
What disparity exists in pediatric mortality? ✅Mortality is more than 2x as high in non-
hispanic black infants as in non-hispanic white infants
What is the most common cause of death for children 1-19 years of age?
✅Unintentional injury; specifically, drowning
What are the top 5 causes of infant mortality? ✅congenital malformations
low birth weight
maternal complications
SIDS
unintentional injury
What are some healthcare issues? ✅financing
health technology
legal issues such as informed consent
ethical issues
What is the difference between family-centered care and family-focused care?
✅centered: each party repscts what other brings to interactions, mutual respect
between family and healthcare team
focused: health professional is the expert
,Types of family composition ✅Nuclear family
Child-free family
Extended family/ extended kin network family
Single-parent family
Single-mother-by-choice family
Blended/reconstituted nuclear family
Binuclear family
Heterosexual cohabiting family
Gay or lesbian family
High Level of Parenting attribute versus low level of parenting attribute - parental
warmth and control ✅High level: warm; restrictive
Low level: cool, hostile; permissive
How do boys and girls often present under authoritarian parenting style? ✅Girls are
passive
Boys are rebellious and aggressive
This is high control, low warmth
Permissive parenting and 2 outcomes ✅low control, high warmth
Child may become rebellious, aggressive, socially inept, self-indulgent, or impulsive, or;
Child may be creative, active, and outgoing.
indifferent parenting style ✅low control, low warmth
child may be self-destructive or delinquent
8 Stage Family Cycle ✅Stage 1: beginning family, newly married couples
Stage 2: childbearing
Stage 3: preschool children
Stage 4: school age children
Stage 5: teenagers
Stage 6: launching young adults (all children leave home)
Stage 7: Middle-aged parents (empty nest through retirement)
Stage 8: Retirement and old age
What helps during major events for families? ✅Communication skills
Shared values and beliefs
Intrafamily support
Self-care abilities
Problem-solving skills
Community linkages
,What are the assessments made for nursing mgmt of families? ✅Physical assessment
Developmental assessment
Psychosocial, spiritual and culture assessments (new medical issue can add
developmental risk)
Choose appropriate tool (identify stressors that must be considered)
Ask about home management.
Identify family's expectations of healthcare team.
Prepare ecomap and genogram.
Should you offer choices to patient and family? ✅Yes, but you have to be efficient
such as "do you want your meds now or in 30 minutes?" versus "do you want your
meds?"
Should families have care coordinators? ✅Yes
How do we meet the cultural needs of our patients? ✅Ask questions and learn
preferences.
Incorporate cultural preferences into all care.
Determine how condition influences family functioning.
Identify family member responses.
Show respect and nonjudgmental attitude.
child life specialist ✅Specially trained individual who provides programs to prepare
children for hospitalization and painful procedures
How can we minimize physical distress during procedures? ✅Use positions that are
comfortable to the child, such as therapeutic hugging
Use distraction methods
Why is family-centered care so important? ✅Anxiety is decreased.
Children are calmer and pain management is enhanced.
Recovery times are shortened.
Families' confidence and problem-solving skills are improved.
Communication between the health care team and the family is also improved.
A decrease in health care costs is seen.
Health care resources are used more
What questions must we ask ourselves when exploring family dynamics during health
history? ✅Does the parent make eye contact with the infant?
Does the parent anticipate and respond to the infant's needs?
Are the parents ineffective when dealing with a toddler's temper tantrum?
Do the parents' comments increase the school-age child's sense of self-worth?
Behavioral observations are crucial to proper assessment of the family's needs.
How can nurses make the health assessment easier? ✅Be Aware of Child's Anxieties
, Stranger anxiety, fears
Sit in parent's lap
Talk with Parents First
Go slowly
Use Least Invasive Assessments First
Use Pleasant Distractions
Give Control Where Possible
In younger children, what is the sequence of the assessment? ✅Foot-to-head,
observations of behaviors, inspection first
Place to perform examination on a toddler ✅Allow some freedom of movement when
possible; child may stand between caregivers legs or sit on lap
At what age can you allow the child to decide the order of the physical exam, explain
the instruments, and let the child try them? ✅Preschool
At what age should you switch from toe-to-head to head-to-toe during assessment?
✅School age
How is infants weight measured? ✅in kg
Calculation of BMI ✅weight in lbs / (height in inches x heigh in inches) x 703
Infant heart rate ✅80-150
Infant RR ✅25-55
Toddler heart rate ✅70-120
Toddler RR ✅20-30
Preschooler heart rate ✅65-110
Preschooler RR ✅20-65
School-age heart rate ✅60-100
School-age RR ✅14-22
Adolescent heart rate ✅55-95
Adolescent RR ✅12-18
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