UESTION 1 [5] 1.1 Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. a) A
non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no prior theoretical basis for predicting
the specific direction of the effect or relationship between variables. (1) b) In a study
testing a directional hypoth...
1.1 Indicate whether the following statements are True or False.
a) A non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no prior theoretical basis
for predicting the specific direction of the effect or relationship between variables.
True
A non-directional hypothesis suggests that a relationship exists but does not predict the
direction of the relationship, leaving the possibility for the effect to go in either direction.
b) In a study testing a directional hypothesis, the critical region for rejecting the
null hypothesis is split into two tails of the distribution.
False
In a directional hypothesis, the critical region is placed in only one tail of the distribution,
as it predicts the direction of the effect (either positive or negative).
c) A non-directional hypothesis always predicts that there will be no difference or
relationship between variables.
False
A non-directional hypothesis predicts that there will be a difference or relationship, but it
does not specify in which direction the difference or relationship will occur. A statement
predicting no difference would be a null hypothesis.
1.2 Directional Hypothesis
In this case, the researcher expects the new teaching method to lead to higher test
scores than the traditional method.
Directional hypothesis:
• Symbolic form: H₁: μ₁ > μ₂
• In words: Students taught using the new teaching method will have significantly
higher test scores compared to those taught using the traditional method.
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