, QUESTION 1 [5] 1.1 Indicate whether the following statements
are True or False. a) A non-directional hypothesis is used when
there is no prior theoretical basis for predicting the specific
direction of the effect or relationship between variables. (1) b) In
a study testing a directional hypothesis, the critical region for
rejecting the null hypothesis is split into two tails of the
distribution. (1) c) A non-directional hypothesis always predicts
that there will be no difference or relationship between
variables. (1) 1.2 A researcher is investigating the effectiveness
of a new teaching method in improving students’ test scores
relative to a traditional teaching method. The researcher
anticipates that the new method will result in significantly
higher test scores based on prior research findings. Based on this
context, formulate a directional hypothesis. (2)
QUESTION 1 [5]
1.1 Indicate whether the following statements are True or
False.
a) A non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no
prior theoretical basis for predicting the specific direction of
the effect or relationship between variables.
True. A non-directional hypothesis, also known as a two-tailed
hypothesis, does not predict the direction of the effect but rather
that there will be a difference or relationship.