APES Final Exam Review || with 100% Verified Solutions.
abiotic correct answers Pertaining to factors or things that are separate and independent from
living things; nonliving.
acid correct answers Any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also, a
water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions.
A layer correct answers a soil horizon; the layer below the O layer is called the A layer. The A
layer is formed of weathered rock, with some organic material; often referred to as topsoil.
alkaline correct answers a basic substance; chemically, a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions or
releases hydroxyl ions; in reference to natural water, a measure of the base content of the water.
aquifer correct answers an underground layer of porous rock, sand, or other material that allows
the movement of water between layers of nonporous rock or clay. Aquifers are frequently tapped
for wells.
arable correct answers land that's fit to be cultivated.
asthenosphere correct answers the part of the mantle that lies just below the lithosphere.
atmosphere correct answers the gaseous mass or envelope surrounding a celestial body,
especially the one surrounding the Earth, which is retained by the celestial body's gravitational
field.
barrier island correct answers a long, relatively narrow island running parallel to the mainland-
built up by the action of waves and currents and serving to protect the coast from erosion by surf
and tidal surges.
biological weathering correct answers any weathering that's caused by the activities of living
organisms.
biotic correct answers living or derived from living things.
B layer correct answers a soil horizon; B receives the minerals and organic materials that are
leached out of the A horizon.
chemical weathering correct answers the result of chemical interaction with the bedrock that is
typical of the action of both water and atmospheric gases.
C layer correct answers a soil horizon, horizon C is made up of larger pieces of rock that have
not undergone much weathering.
clay correct answers the finest soil, made up of particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter.
,convection correct answers the vertical movement of a mass of matter due to heating and
cooling; this can happen in both the atmosphere and Earth's mantle.
convection currents correct answers air currents caused by the vertical movement of air due to
atmospheric heating and cooling.
convergent boundary correct answers a plate boundary where two plates are moving toward each
other.
coral reef correct answers an erosion-resistant marine ridge or mound consisting chiefly of
compacted coral together with algal material and biochemically deposited magnesium and
calcium carbonates.
Coriolis effect correct answers The observed effect of the Coriolis force, especially the deflection
of an object moving above the Earth, rightward in the Northern Hemisphere, and leftward in the
Southern Hemisphere.
crop rotation correct answers the practice of alternating the crops grown on a piece of land - for
example, corn one year, legumes for two years, and then back to corn.
delta correct answers a usually triangular alluvial deposit at the mouth of a river.
divergent boundary correct answers a plate boundary at which plates are moving away from each
other. This causes an upwelling of magma from the mantle to cool and form new crust.
doldrums correct answers a region of the ocean near the equator, characterized by calms, light
winds, or squalls.
drip irrigation correct answers a method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally
drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant.
earthquake correct answers the result of vibrations (often due to plate movements) deep in the
Earth that release energy. They often occur as two plates slide past one another at a transform
boundary.
El Nino correct answers a climate variation that takes place in the tropical Pacific about every
three to seven years, for a duration of about one year.
erosion correct answers the process of soil particles being carried away by wind or water.
Erosion moves the smaller particles first and hence degrades the soil to a coarser, sandier, stonier
texture.
estuary correct answers the part of the wide lower course of a river where its current is met by
the tides.
fault correct answers the place where two plates abut each other.
, Green Revolution correct answers the development and introduction of new varieties of (mainly)
wheat and rice that has increased yields per acre dramatically in countries since the 1960s.
greenhouse effect correct answers the phenomenon whereby the Earth's atmosphere traps solar
radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor,
and methane that allow incoming sunlight to pass through, but absorb heat radiated back from
the Earth's surface.
Hadley cell correct answers a system of vertical and horizontal air circulation predominating in
tropical and subtropical regions and creating major weather patterns.
Headwaters correct answers the water from which a river rises; a source.
Horizon correct answers a layer of soil.
humus correct answers the dark, crumbly, nutrient-rich material that results from the
decomposition of organic material.
hurricane (typhoon, cyclone) correct answers a severe tropical cyclone originating in the
equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea or eastern regions of the Pacific
Ocean, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually involving
heavy rains.
inner core correct answers the molten core of the Earth.
jet stream correct answers a high-speed, meandering wind current, generally moving from a
westerly direction at speeds often exceeding 400 km (250 miles) per hour at altitudes of 15 to 25
km (10 to 15 miles).
land degradation correct answers when soil becomes water-logged and then dries out, and salt
forms a layer on its surface.
La Nina correct answers a cooling of the ocean surface off the western coast of South America,
occurring periodically every 4 to 12 years and affecting Pacific and other weather patterns.
lithosphere correct answers the outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle,
approximately 100 km (62 miles) thick.
loamy correct answers soil composed of a mixture of sand, clay, silt, and organic matter.
mantle correct answers the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core.
monoculture correct answers the cultivation of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country;
a single, homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension.
