EPHE 155 – Midterm || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
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Course
EPHE 155
Institution
EPHE 155
Nutrition correct answers The study of food, including
- how food nourishes our body
- how food influences our health
a relatively new discipline of science
Food Security correct answers 1. access at all times to safe, nutritious food
2. can acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptabl...
EPHE 155 – Midterm || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
Nutrition correct answers The study of food, including
- how food nourishes our body
- how food influences our health
a relatively new discipline of science
Food Security correct answers 1. access at all times to safe, nutritious food
2. can acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways
- Food insecurity exists when either of these conditions can't be met
Food Terrorism correct answers food/water is a potential bioterrorism weapon
- Botulism, ricin, radioactive particles and micro-organisms
Food provides... correct answers energy (calories), nutrition and other substances needed for
growth and health
Three Main macronutrients correct answers - Carbohydrates
- Fats and oils
- Proteins
Essential Nutrients: Three required characteristics correct answers 1. It's omission from the diet
--> decrease in certain biological functions
2. Restored to the diet --> biological functions regain normal function
3. Specific functions of the nutrient must be identified
Health problems related to nutrition... correct answers ...originate within cells
- cells are the main employers of nutrients
- the function of each cell is maintained by the nutrient it receives
Poor nutrition can result from... correct answers ... both inadequate and excessive levels of
nutrient intake
- every individual has range of optimal intake of nutrients for maintaining cell and body function
- Nutrition deficiencies are often multiple
Obesity - the affliction of affluence correct answers - poor diet + physical inactivity = >400 000
death per year
- 2nd leading cause of preventable death in NA
- in US, 60% of adults are overweight or obese
- 300 million obese and 750 million overweight worldwide
Child obesity correct answers considered a global epidemic
- 22 million of world's children under 5 are overweight/obese
- some countries, more than 30% of children obese
,adaptive mechanisms correct answers Human's have adaptive mechanisms for managing
fluctuations in nutrient intake
- e.g. caloric intake ⇩ the body ⇩'s energy expenditure
- G.I. Tract can increase iron absorption if body stores are low
- kidney's protect the body from high level of Vitamin C by excreting it in the urine
Malnutrition correct answers - can result form poor diets and disease states, genetic factors or
combination of these factors
- can influence the development of certain chronic diseases
some at hight risk of becoming inadequately nourished than others
- pregnant or breastfeeding women
- infants
- growing children
- frail elderly
- the ill
- those recovering from illness
Nutrition can prevent disease correct answers - Disease in which nutrition play some role:
Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, some cancers
- Diseases with a strong nutritional component: Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood
pressure, obesity
- Disease caused the nutritional deficiencies or toxicities: Pellagra, Scurvy, Iron-deficiency
anemia, nutrition toxicity
Key characteristics of a healthful diet correct answers - moderation
- variety
- balance
There are no good or bad goods correct answers all food can fit into a healthful diet as long as
nutrients needs are met and calorie intake levels that maintain a healthy body weight
Reasons for Nutrition Misinformation correct answers #1 profit
-as long as consumers find ways to lose weight, build muscles, slow aging and reduce stress
there will continue to be a huge market for nutritional products
#2 : Personal Beliefs and Convictions
- opinions protected by freedom of speech, illegal to put false/misleading info on products but
not well monitored
Checklist for identifying nutrition misinformation correct answers - Is something being sold?
- Does the product offer a new remedy for problems that are not easily solved (e.g. obesity,
cellulite, poor immunity, wrinkles, stress?)
- Are such terms as 'miraculous', 'magical', 'secret', 'detoxify', 'energy restoring', 'immune
boosting' or 'studies prove' used?
- Are testimonials, before-and-after photos or expert endorsements used?
- Does the info sound too good to be true?
- Is a money-back guarantee offered?
, Nutrition Advice - who do you trust?? correct answers Educated and credentials
- Registered dietitian (RD, PDt or RDt)
- Advanced degree (cannot provide clinical dietary counselling or treatment)
- Medical doctor (limited experience and training in nutrition)
- CHECK NUTRITIONIST'S QUALIFICATIONS
Food Behaviour correct answers food has different meanings to different people
- Two drives influence our desire to eat: Hunger, appetite
Hunger correct answers - biological drive
- Controlled by internal body mechanisms
Satiety Mechanism correct answers Hypothalamus -> feeding centre and satiety centre
- the almost of nutrients in the blood can stimulate both centres
- constrain chemicals, surgeries and some cancers can destroy both centres
ALSO CONTROLLED BY
Meal size and composition
Hormones
- increase hunger -> endorphins, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y
- increase satiety -> leptin, serotonin & cholecystokinin
States of Nutritional Health correct answers Undernutrition:
- Decline in body functions.
Desired Nutrition:
- Adequate stores of nutritients
Over nutrition:
- Toxic damage to body
Healthy Habits to Adopt correct answers - consume a healthy diet
- Control your weight
- Drink alcohol in moderations
- Exercise > 30 mins / day
- Don't smoke
Consume a VARIETY of foods BALANCED by a MODERATE intake of each food
Nutrient Density correct answers comparison of vitamin and mineral content with number of cals
- Empty calories : calories derived from food containing no nutrients
Energy Density correct answers - comparison of kcal content with weight of food
- High-energy-dense food : ....
- low-energy-dense food : ....
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