Exam (elaborations)
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2
- Course
- Institution
- Book
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
1 review
By: leonardmuriithi061 • 1 month ago
Seller
Follow
tutorsection1
Reviews received
Content preview
CARDIOLOGY BOARDS ABIM EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
Normals for PA catheter pressures - ANSWER: RA <7, RV 30/7, PCWP 3-11
PA cath findings in tamponade or constrictive pericarditis - ANSWER: Diastolic
pressures elevated and equalized in all chambers, low BP, tachycardia,
interventricular dependence (septal bounce)
PA cath findings in cardiogenic shock - ANSWER: Elevated PCWP, RA pressure, and
decreased SBP/cardiac output
PA cath findings in mitral stenosis with RV failure - ANSWER: Elevated RA, PA (very
elevated), PCWP, nl SBP
PA cath findings in pulmonary HTN - ANSWER: Elevated PA, RA pressures, nl PCWP,
SBP
Pulsus paradoxus - ANSWER: decrease in systolic BP of more than 10mmHg with
normal inspiration; palpated as weakened pulse with inspiration along with more
heart contractions to pulse beats
What conditions give you pulsus paradoxus? - ANSWER: Constrictive or restrictive
pericarditis, asthma, tension pneumothorax
What gives you pulsus bisferiens (two systolic peaks per cycle) - ANSWER: Aortic
regurgitation, HOCM
What causes pulsus alternans? - ANSWER: Severe LV dysfunction
What causes pulsus tardus et parvus? - ANSWER: Late and weak; Aortic stenosis
How do positional maneuvers affect blood flow and murmurs?
a) Standing/Valsalva
b) Squatting/Lying down
c) Sustained handgrip - ANSWER: -standing/valsalva - decreased cardiac filling,
decreases most murmurs except MVP and HOCM
-squatting/ lying down - increase cardiac volume, increased murmurs except MVP,
HOCM
-sustained handgrip - increases systemic resistance, decreases murmur in HOCM, AS
What are the stages of the Valsalva maneuver? - ANSWER: -Phase one is the onset of
straining with increased intrathoracic pressure. The heart rate does not change but
blood pressure rises.
, -Phase two is marked by the decreased venous return and consequent reduction of
stroke volume and pulse pressure as straining continues. The heart rate increases
and blood pressure drops.
-Phase three is the release of straining with decreased intrathoracic pressure and
normalization of pulmonary blood flow.
-Phase four marks the blood pressure overshoot (in the normal heart) with return of
the heart rate to baseline.
What causes a physiologic split S2? - ANSWER: Increased blood volume in the RV
prolongs systole and delays pulmonary valve closure
What causes a fixed split S2? - ANSWER: Pulmonary stenosis, PE, LV pacer, RBBB, MR
(early AV closure), ASD, RV failue
What causes a paradoxic split S2 - ANSWER: LBBB, RV pacing, HOCM
What causes an S3? - ANSWER: Rapid LV filling - acute ventricular decompensation,
severe AR or MR
What causes a S4? - ANSWER: Decreased ventricular compliance during atrial
contraction - ischemic heart dz, AS, MR, HOCM, hypertrophic or diabetic
cardiomyopathy, HTN heart dz, concentric LVH
Can you have a S4 with atrial fibrillation? - ANSWER: No - no atrial contraction
What are the parts of the venous waveform? - ANSWER: A wave - atrial contraction
X descent - atria relax, RV fills rapidly; Bottom/middle of x descent is TC valve closure
(c wave)
V wave - ventricle contacting against closed TC valve
Y descent - TC valve opens, passive emptying into ventricle
What gives elevated a and v waves - ANSWER: Pulmonary HTN, RV infarction
What leads to Large r side v waves - ANSWER: Septal rupture
What diseases lead to Large v waves - ANSWER: TR (right), MR (left)
Rapid x and y descent - ANSWER: Constrictive pericarditis, restrictive
cardiomyopathy, tamponade (x descent only, loss of y descent)
Large a waves - ANSWER: TS, severe RVH (on right), MS
Cannon a waves - ANSWER: AV disassociation - complete heart block, ventricular
pacing
Slow Y descent - ANSWER: Delayed atrial emptying - TS
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tutorsection1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R342,95. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now