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, ANS3701 Assignment 6 (COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Semester 2 2024 - DUE 30 September 2024 ; 100%
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Question 1
In conservation genetics, heterozygosity is a fundamental
measure of genetic diversity within a population. For example, if a
population of leopards has an observed heterozygosity (Ho) of
0.35, this means 35% of individuals possess different alleles at a
given genetic locus. In comparison, expected heterozygosity (He)
represents the level of genetic variation expected under random
mating, and a much higher He value of, for example, 0.52 would
indicate potential inbreeding or genetic drift, thus reducing
diversity in this population. The inbreeding coefficient (Fis)
quantifies the extent of inbreeding, with values closer to 1
suggesting higher levels of inbreeding. If a population of leopards
shows a Fis of 0.33, it points to a significant reduction in genetic
diversity compared to a connected population with a lower Fis of,
for example, 0.05. When populations experience events like
genetic bottlenecks, where population numbers decrease
drastically, allele frequencies become skewed, resulting in
reduced allelic richness (i.e. the number of alleles per locus). This
can be detected through genetic tests like the M-ratio, where a
low value may signal the effects of a bottleneck. 2 Effective
population size (Ne) refers to the number of individuals
contributing to the next generation's gene pool (i.e., the number of
reproductive individuals in a population) and is often lower than
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