Summary Social Psychology 10E: Chapter 8: Group Processes
282 views 5 purchases
Course
Social Psychology (20192018001081B)
Institution
Universiteit Twente (UT)
Book
Social Psychology
This is a summary in keypoints of chapter 8 from the book "Social Psychology 10E" by Kassin, Fein and Rose Markus. My first couple of summaries will be for free, so if you have any suggestions on how to improve them, let me know :) More summaries of chapter 9, 10 and 11 of this book and of chaper ...
Complete Test Bank Social Psychology 10th Edition Kassin Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-14)
All for this textbook (19)
Written for
Universiteit Twente (UT)
Psychology
Social Psychology (20192018001081B)
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
AntjeB
Reviews received
Content preview
Social Psychology 10E
Chapter 8 group processes
Fundamentals of Groups
What is a group? Why join a group?
What is a group?
-A set of individuals who have direct interactions with each other over a period of
time and share a common fate, identity or set of goals
-Or people who have joined membership in a social category based on sex, race or
other attributes
-Groups vary in the extinct to which they are seen as distinct entities
-Collectives: people engaging in a common activity but having little direct interaction
with each other
-Western: more likely to identify with groups based on activity
-Eastern: more likely to identify with groups based on relation
-Modern groups: shifting boundaries and membership, more self-managed, shared
leadership
Why join a group?
-Evolutionary pressure -> higher chances of survival if in group
-Social brain hypothesis: large size of human brain due to complex social worlds
-Social identity theory: Important part of people's feelings of self-worth comes from
identification with particular groups
-Give meaning and purpose, symbolic sense of immortality
Key Features of Groups: Roles, Norms and cohesiveness
-Socialization process:
formal and explicit (initiation, orientation program…)
Implicit (observing)
-Things to learn as a new member: group focused language, expected roles, norms,
cohesiveness
Roles
-Formal and informal (instrumental and expressive)
-Problems when members are assigned a role they are not suited for
-Uncertain about role, role conflicts with other roles
- Uncertainty, instability and conflict-> poor job performance, workplace bullying,
interpersonal conflicts, emotional exhaustion…
-People might get absorbed in role (Stanford prison experiment)
Norms
=Rules of conduct for members
-Either formal or informal
-Strong conformity pressure on individuals who deviate from the norm
, -Low status members my punished deviation especially harsh to heighten their status
-Members might deviate from group norm if they think norm is likely to harm the
group
-Tolerance towards deviation from norm can be seen as norm by itself
Culture and Norms
Tight:
strong norms and little tolerance for behavior deviating from norms
encouraged by ecological and historical threats, higher population density,
restrictive governments, religious institutions
Loose:
weaker norms, greater tolerance
Environment with fewer constraints
Cohesiveness
-Forces exerted on a group that push its members closer together
-Members feel committed to the group task, feel positive towards other group
members, feel group pride, engage in interactions in the group
-Cohesiveness may improve group performance
Culture and Cohesiveness
-Collectivistic:
Obedience and respect towards the leader
Intragroup conflict associated with reduced satisfaction and job performance
-Individualistic:
The opposite of collectivistic
Individuals in Groups: The Presence of Others
Social Facilitation: When Others Arouse Us
The Zajonc Solution
Three step process
1. Presence of others creates general physiological arousal
2. Arousal enhances individual’s tendency to perform the dominant response
3. Quality of individuals performance varies according to type of task (dominant
response correct for easy task and incorrect for complex task)
-Also found in animals
Alternative Explanations for Social Facilitation
-Mere presence: Presence of others enough to produce arousal
-Evaluation-Apprehension Theory: Arousal only if others in position to evaluate
performance
Distraction-Conflict Theory: Torn between focusing on task and glancing at
distraction-> attention conflict leads to arousal
-All 3 theories influence social facilitation
Social Loafing: When Others Relax Us
-Individuals exert less effort when they act collectively
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AntjeB. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R0,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
