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Major Theories & Theorists – NCE Questions and Answers 2024
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Major Theories & Theorists – NCE Questions and Answers 2024 THEORISTS Behavorists are...(list all) John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Joseph Wolpe & B.F Skinner Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:02 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More ...

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  • October 4, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • define a
  • major theories theorists nce questions and ans
  • behavorists arelist all john b watson ivan
  • erik eriksons 8 psychosocial stages states that g
  • jean piagets qualitative 4 stages of cognitive de

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Major Theories & Theorists – NCE
Questions and Answers 2024

THEORISTS - answer

Behaviorists are...(list all) - answer John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Joseph Wolpe & B.F
Skinner

Erik Erikson's 8 Psychosocial Stages - answer States that growth is orderly, universal, &
systematic.
1) Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 1.5)
2) autonomy vs. shame & doubt ( 1.5 to 3)
3) initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6)
4) industry vs. inferiority (6 to 11)
5) identity vs. role confusion (12 to 18)
6) intimacy vs. isolation (18 to 35)
7) generativity vs. stagnation (35 to 60)
8) integrity vs. despair (65 and on)

Jean Piaget's Qualitative 4 Stages of Cognitive Development (Genetic Epistemology) -
answer1) Sensorimoter (birth to 2)
2) Preoperational (2 to 7)
3) Concrete Operations (7 to 12)
4) Formal Operations 11.5 to 16)

Define Schema (JP) - answerPatterns of thought & behavior

Define Adaptation (JP) - answeroccurs qualitatively when the individual fits information
into existing ideas (also known as assimilation) & modifies cognitive schemata to
incorporate new information (known as accommodation).
**Assimilation & accommodation are said to be complementary processes - the ages
can vary in Piagetian stages, but the order is static.

Object Permanence (JP) - answeroccurs in the sensiomotor stage -an object still exists,
even if the child can't see it.

Centration (JP) - answeract of focusing on one aspect of something. Key factor in
proportional stage.

Conservation (JP) - answertakes place in the concrete operations stage. Child knows
that volume & quantity do not change, just because the appearance of an object

, changes. Change in shape does not equal change in volume (skinny tall glass vs. short
stout glass)

Abstract Scientific Thinking (JP) - answerformal operations stage

Keegan's Constructive Developmental Model - answeremphasizes the impact of
interpersonal interaction and our perception of reality

Lawrence Kohlberg's 3 Levels of Moral Development - answerEach level has 2 stages:
1) Preconventional Level: behavior is governed by consequences
2) Conventional Level: desire to conform to socially accepted rules
3) Postconventional Level: self-accepted moral principles guide behavior

Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development for women - answerexpanded on
Kohlberg's theory - stated that women have a sense of caring & compassion

Daniel Levinson 4 major eras/transitions theory - answerWrote Season's of a man's
Life:
1) childhood & adolescence
2) early adulthood
3) middle adulthood
4) later adulthood

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) & Zone of Proximal Development - answerproposed that
cognitive development is produced by activities that take place in one's culture.
Zone of Proximal Development: difference in the child's ability to solve problems on
disown & his capacity to solve them with the help of others.

THE HELPING RELATIONSHIP - answer

Freud's Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic 5 Psychosexual Stages - answer1) oral (birth-1)
2) anal (1-3)
3) phallic/Oedipal Electra Complex ( 3-7)
4) latency (3 to 5 - 12)
5) genital (adolescence & adulthood)

Define Libido (Freud) - answerdrive to live and the sexual instinct that is present, even
at birth. Did to be sublimated in the latency stage as the individual has little interest in
sex. This ends when puberty begins.

Define Regression (Freud) - answerReturn to an earlier stage caused by stress

Define Fixation (Freud) - answerimplies that the person is unable to move to the next
stage

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