Empirical research is a type of study that seeks to gain knowledge through direct or indirect observation
and experience. Unlike theoretical research, which is based on abstract reasoning and hypotheses,
empirical research gathers data from real-world observations or experiments. This data-driven approach
allows researchers to test hypotheses or address specific questions using measurable and observable
evidence. The components of empirical research are as follows:
Research Problem or Question
This is the starting point, and it represents the issue the researcher aims to investigate. The problem or
question is formulated based on a gap in knowledge or a real-world issue that requires exploration.
Example:- A researcher might explore whether prolonged exposure to social media impacts mental
health. The research question could be: "Does the use of social media for over 3 hours daily lead to
higher levels of anxiety among university students?"
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The literature review is a critical assessment of existing studies relevant to the research topic. It helps
the researcher understand the current body of knowledge and identify gaps that their empirical research
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