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560D Clinical Biochemistry Questions and
Answers 2024/2025
Which of the following factors can increase likelihood of getting iron deficiency anemia?
a. All of these responses can increase the risk of getting iron deficiency anemia
b. Heavy menstruation
c. Celiac disease
d. Deficiency of copper
a. All of these responses can increase the risk of getting iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease can be caused from prolonged inflammation (IL-6, cytokines,
infection), which increases level of __________________ to sequester iron in tissues so germs
can't use the iron to reproduce.
a. Hepcidin
b. Aconitase
c. Vitamin B12
d. Folic acid
a. Hepcidin
What are the four conditionally essential amino acids?
a. Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
b. Arg, Gln, Gly, Ser
c. Arg, Glu, Gly, Tau
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d. Arg, Glu, Gly, Ser
a. Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
Mutations in the SN1-SN2 transporter can lead to elevations in what 3 AA?
a. Gln, Asn, His
b. Glu, Asn, His
c. Glu, Asp, His
d. Gln, Asp, His
a. Gln, Asn, His
The central energy pathways begin with digestion and assimilation of fats, carbohydrates,
and proteins. Long chain FA require the use of the _________________ shuttle to help them
enter the mitochondrial for beta-oxidation.
a. Carnitine
b. Malate
c. Aspartate
d. Carnosine
a. Carnitine
Inhibition of CoQ10 synthesis from statin drugs, will typically reveal elevations in
urinary_____________________.
a. Hydroxymethylglutarate
b. Hydroxymethylbutyrate
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c. Hydroxymethylpropionate
d. Hydroxymethylsuccinate
a. Hydroxymethylglutarate
When considering toxic exposures, through what barriers and routes of entry can lipophilic
(fat loving) toxins be absorbed?
a. All of these responses
b. Through the GI tract
c. Through the skin
d. Through the lymphatics
e. In utero
a. All of these responses
One of the phthalate esters used in plastic wrap to cover foods can lead to decreased kidney
function, increased cysts, increased peroxisome proliferation and even liver cancer in rats. This
is a concern to humans because ________________ is used in plastic tubing for hemodialysis.
a. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
b. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)
c. Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
d. Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)
a. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
What does the Fenton Reaction do?
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It forms the toxic hydroxyl radical, a form of reactive oxygen species, which causes
lipid peroxidation and formation of other free radicals
What does DMT-1 transport, and what would be the impact of an excess of any of these
metals?
DMT-1 transports iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. Excess can inhibit absorption of
the other metals
How would antacids and H2 blockers interfere with iron absorption?
DMT-1 requires H+, which comes from stomach acid
Deficiency of which nutrients increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia?
Vitamin C and copper
What is the only active and functional porphyrin in the heme synthesis pathway?
Protoporphyrin IX
Where is heme synthesis most pronounced?
Bone marrow and liver
What does Protoporphyrin IX convert to when heme is added?
Iron
What natural constituent non-enzymatically oxidizes porphyrinogens into porphyrins and what
part of the porphyrinogen structure is oxidized?
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