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PHAR 100 Introductory Pharmacology (exam prep questions and answers solution for all modules) 2024 new approved solution update Queens UniversityR248,23
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PHAR 100 Introductory Pharmacology (exam prep questions and answers solution for all modules) 2024 new approved solution update Queens University
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PHAR 100 Introductory Pharmacology
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PHAR 100 Introductory Pharmacology
PHAR 100 Introductory Pharmacology (exam prep questions and answers solution for all modules) 2024 new approved solution update Queens University
Module 1: Principles of Pharmacology
What is a drug? - any substance received by a biological system that is not received for nutritive purposes and in...
PHAR 100 Introductory
Pharmacology (exam prep
questions and answers solution for
all modules) 2024 new approved
solution update Queens University
,Module 1: Principles of Pharmacology
What is a drug? - any substance received by a biological system that is not
received for nutritive purposes and influences the biological function of the
organism
What is pharmacology? - the study of drugs including their uses, effects, and
modes of action
What are the historical influences on pharmacology? (ancient china, egypt,
greece) - Ancient China 2700 BC: emperor Shen Nung classified all drugs according
to taste
-epinephrine isolated from "Ma Huang" for asthma, decongestant
Ancient Egypt 1550 BC: papyrus used as a textbook on drugs
-mostly purgatives (drugs used to cause bowl movements-senna)
Ancient Greece 380 BC: textbook on therapeutics including opium
-isolated morphine from opium to relieve intense pain
-opium contains codiene
What was the influence of religion on pharmacology? - doctors were both
physicians and priests
-therapies were heavily influenced by religion and magic
-peyote cactus was used to reach a mystical state
,What are 3 poisons that resulted in the development of drugs? - 1)Curare: used as
a poison to cause paralysis and death, used as a drug for anesthesia during
surgery
-used as a drug Ergotamine as a therapy for migraines
-used as a drug Ergonovine to stop uterine bleeding after child birth
3)Zinc oxide: medically toxic, now important in many medical creams
What are 3 drugs that act on the brain involved in early drug discovery? -
1)Reserpine and Chlorpromazine:
-extract of rauwolfia plant
-used to reduce tension and anxiety
-resperine was given to dogs that were aggressive and they became placid
-chlorpromazine is more preferred modernly to respirine for anxiety
2)LSD:
-synthesized by Hofmann from ergot
-psychedelic effects
, 3)Anaesthetics:
-Nitrous oxide: laughing gas used in tooth extraction
-Ether: Faraday found that ether had similar properties to nitrous oxide and and
be used as an anesthetic in surgeries
What are 4 drugs that act against infectious disease and who discovered them? -
1)Organoarsenicals: Paul Erlich designed arsenic and organic materials that
selectively bind to parasites
-father of chemotherapy
-lead to cure for syphilis
2)Sulfa Drugs: Gerhard Domagk indroduced sulpha drugs
-first antibacterial
3)Penecillin: Alexander Fleming discovered first antibiotic
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