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NWHSU Microbiology Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
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NWHSU Microbiology Midterm ExamQuestions and Answers
Which iiare iicellular iietiologic iiagents iiof iiinfectious iidisease? ii- iiAnswers ii-Bacteria,
iifungi, iiprotozoa, iihelminths ii(worms)
Which iiare iia-cellular iietiologic iiagents iiof iiinfectious iidisease? ii- iiAnswers ii-Viruses iiand
iiprions
Which iigroups iiof iimicroorganisms iiare iieukaryotic/prokaryotic? ii- iiAnswers ii-Eukaryotic:
iifungi, iiprotozoa, iihelminths ii(worms) ii
Prokaryotae: iibacteria
Name iimajor iidifferences iibetween iieukaryotic iiand iiprokaryotic iicells. ii- iiAnswers ii-
Eukaryotic iicell: iiTrue iinucleus, iimembrane-bound iiorganelles, iilinear, iicomplex
iistructure, iilarger, ii(Plants iiand iifungi iihave iicell iiwalls) iiProkaryotic iicell: iiNucleoid, iicell
iiwall, iino iimembrane iibound iiorganelles, iicircular iiDNA, iiflagellum
What iiorder iiof iimagnitude iiis iithe iisize iiof iia iibacterium? ii- iiAnswers ii-10^-6 iior ii1-10
iimicro iimeters
What iiis iithe iistructure iiand iifunction iiof iiglycocalyces, iiflagella, iifimbriae, iipili?" ii-
iiAnswers ii-Glycocalyces: iipolysaccharides, iior iipolysaccharides iimixed iiwith iiproteins ii
Flagella: iiprotein ii
Fimbriae: iishort iiproteins ii
Pili: iiprotein iitubes
Which iiof iithese iistructures iiare iiknown iivirulence iifactors? ii- iiAnswers ii-
Glycocalyx/capsule
Which iistructures iicontribute iito iibiofilm iiformation? ii- iiAnswers ii-Glycocalyx ii(slime
iilayer), iifimbrae
Name iithe iivarious iitypes iiof iiflagella iiarrangements iithat iican iibe iiused iito iiidentify
iibacteria. ii- iiAnswers ii-Monotrichous ii(one), iiamphitrichous ii(one iion iiboth iiends),
iilophotrichous ii(tuft), iiperitrichous ii(360 iidegrees)
Which iistain iimakes iiglycocalyces/capsules iivisible iiin iithe iimicroscope? ii- iiAnswers ii-
Negative iistain
How iido iispirochetes iimove? ii- iiAnswers ii-Corkscrew iimotion
, Name iithe iimajor iicomponents iiof iia iigram-positive/gram-negative iicell iiwall. iiWhat iiis
iithe iiappearance iiof iigram-positive/gram-negative iibacteria? ii- iiAnswers ii-Gram iipositive
iicell iiwall: iiThick iilayer iiof iipeptidoglycan, iicontaining iiunique iipolyalcohols iicalled
iiteichoic iiacids. iiGram iistain iiappearance iiis iipurple. iiGram iinegative iicell iiwalls: iiThin
iilayer iiof iipeptidoglycan, iiwith iian iiouter iimembrane iicontaining iiproteins, iiand
iilippolysaccharides. iiProduce iiendotoxins, iiand iiappear iipink iiwith iithe iiGram iistain. iiThe
iiendo iitoxin iiis iia iilipid iiA iimolecule iiembedded iiin iithe iiouter iimembrane.
What iiare iithe iistructural iifeatures iiused iifor iiidentification iiof iibacteria? ii- iiAnswers ii-
Arrangement iiof iiflagella, iicapsule, iishape iiand iiarrangement iiof iicells, iigram iistain,
iiendospores, iiinclusions, iiand iispecific iistains
What iiis iithe iiclinical iiimportance iiof iithe iidifference iibetween iigram-positive iiand iigram-
negative iibacteria? ii- iiAnswers ii-Gram iinegative iibacteria iiproduce iiendotoxins ii(lipid iiA
iiof iilipopolysaccharides), iireleased iiwhen iicells iidie. iiSome iigram iipositive ii(and iia iifew
iigram iinegative iibacteria) iiproduce iiexotoxins, iiwhich iiare iireleased iiby iiliving iicells;
iisome iiexotoxins iicause iivery iisevere iisymptoms. iiGram iipositive iibacteria iiare
iisusceptible iito iilysozyme iiand iiantibiotics iithat iiinterfere iiwith iicell-wall iibiosynthesis,
iie.g. iipenicillin, iiwhile iigram iinegative iib
acteria iiare iimore iiresistant iito iilysozyme iiand iipenicillin iiand iisimilar iiantibiotics
For iiwhich iitypes iiof iibacteria iiis iithe iiacid-fast iistain iiused? iiWhy iiis iiit iineeded? ii-
iiAnswers ii-Organisms iiwith iia iicell iiwall iithat iiis iirich iiin iilipids iiand iiwaxes. iiThe iitwo
iigeneral iithat iiare iiacid iifast iiinclude iiMycobacterium iiand iinocardia. iiThe iiacid iifast iistain
iiis iiused iibecause iithe iiwalls iiare iirelatively iiimpermeable, iiso iiheat iiis iiused iito iidrive
iithe iistain iiinto iithe iicell iiwall. iiThe iiimpermeable iiwall iialso iimakes iithese iiorganisms
iiresilient iito iidisinfectants.
How iiare iicytoplasmic iimembranes iiof iiprokaryotes iidifferent iifrom iithose iiof
iieukaryotes? ii- iiAnswers ii-There's iino iicholesterol iiin iithe iiprokaryotic ii(bacteria)
iimembranes
Know iithe iifundamental iiprinciples iiof iimetabolism ii(terminology, iienergy, iiredox) ii-
iiAnswers ii-Metabolism: iiSum iiof iiall iibiochemical iireactions ii(in iia iicell iior iiorganism) ii
Anabolism: iiSum iiof iiall iibiosynthetic iireactions iiCatabolism: iiSum iiof iiall iidegradative
iireactions iiCatabolic iipathways iiare iioxidative iiand iiyield iiATP iiAnabolic iipathways iiare
iireductive iiand iirequire iiATP
What iigets iirecycled iiin iifermentation iifor iiand iifor iiwhat iipurpose? ii- iiAnswers ii-NADH
ii(to iiNAD+) iifor iiglycolysis
Aerobic iirespiration ii- iiAnswers ii-Glycolysis-- iiKrebs iicycle-- iiETC-- iiFinal iiproduct iiis iiO2
Produces ii30-32 iiATP
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