Global Perspectives on School Discipline............................................... 3
2.1. Origins and Causes of Indiscipline ...................................................3
2.2. Effects of Indiscipline on Learning.................................................... 4
2.3. Global Solutions to Address School Discipline................................. 5
Continental Perspectives on Discipline in Schools (Focus on Africa) ......5
3.1. Origins and Causes of Indiscipline in African Schools...................... 5
3.2. Effects of Indiscipline in African Schools............................................6
3.3. Solutions to School Discipline in Africa..............................................7
Local Perspectives on Discipline in Schools (Focus on South Africa)....... 7
4.1. Origins and Causes of Indiscipline in South African Schools...............7
4.2. Effects of Indiscipline in South African Schools....................................8
4.3. Local Approaches to School Discipline in South Africa.........................8
Gaps and Conflicting Findings in the Literature...........................................9
Discipline in schools is very important because it affects how well students do in class and
how schools run. All over the world, schools are dealing with different discipline problems.
These can be small issues like students talking in class or big problems like fighting.
Keeping good discipline helps learners learn better, build good relationships with their
teachers, and grow as people.
Many people have different ideas on how to handle discipline. The goal of this review is to
look at different ways people across the world, in Africa, and in South Africa, handle
discipline in schools. We will talk about why indiscipline happens, what causes it, and what
it does to schools. We will also look at some solutions and see which ones work best.
Finally, we will see what still needs to be studied and where people disagree.
This review will answer these questions:
What are the main causes of discipline problems in schools?
How are these causes different around the world, in Africa, and in South Africa?
What solutions have been suggested, and do they work?
2. GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON DISCIPLINE IN SCHOOLS
2.1. Origins and Causes of Indiscipline
Indiscipline in schools is influenced by a variety of social, economic, and cultural
factors. In South Africa, the issue is rooted in the significant social, political, and
economic changes that have taken place over the years, particularly during and after
apartheid. The discipline challenges faced in schools today are linked to the struggle
of creating a democratic and humane society (Vally, 1998). Teachers are expected
to manage their classrooms and create environments conducive to learning, but the
banning of corporal punishment under the South African Schools Act has left many
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