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Summary Haematology & Immunology Study Unit 4

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Course
Applied and Pathophysiology (FLG332)

Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)

Book
Human Physiology

FLG 332 Summaries for Study Unit 4 (Semester Test 2 & exam). Haematology, Red blood cells, Anaemia, Immunology (Third Year). Most important notes for the study unit.

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haematology pathophysiology

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FLG 332 Copyright Micaela de Jager

Unit 4 – Haematology

LECTURE 1 – RBC AND ANAEMIA
RBC
ERYTHROCYTES

RBC indices:

1. Mean Corpuscular Volume MCV
2. Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin MCH
3. Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration MCHC

MICAELA DE JAGER 1

, FLG 332 Copyright Micaela de Jager

MCV MCH MCHC

Average volume of RBCs expressed Amount of haemoglobin per cell expressed Concentration of haemoglobin in
in cubic micrometers (μm3) or in picograms (1pg = 10-12 g) grams per decilitre (100 ml) or as a
femtolitres (1fl = 10-15 litre) percentage
Normal
Normal 27-31 (29) pg Normal
82-99 (87) fl 31-37 (34) %
Abnormal
Abnormal < 25 pg = hypochromia Abnormal
< 82 fl = microcytes (Iron deficiency) << hypochromia
> 99 fl = macrocytes > 50 pg = hyperchromia > 37 % spherocytosis
(Vitamin B12 deficiency)

ANAEMIA Symptom not a disease

v Abnormally ↓# of circulating RBC
\ Abnormally ↓level of Hb
M Results in ↓O2 carrying capacity

Affects 1 in 4 people worldwide

4 Main groups of Anaemia:

1. Abnormal/decreased Hb (Fe deficiency, thalassemia, sickle cell)
2. Haemorrhagic anaemia
3. Decreased RBC production (Vit B12, folate deficiency, etc.)
4. Haemolytic anaemia (autoimmune, malaria, etc.)

1. ABNORMAL HAEMOGLOBIN
SICKLE-CELL ANAEMIA

HbS
« Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at position 6 of β-chain in HbA
« When deoxygenated, polymerises to form long fibres
« Fibres aggregate and distort RBC causing “sickling” of the cell

Sickle cells
• Decrease half-life of RBC ⇒ more prone to damage
• Results in haemolytic anaemia

MICAELA DE JAGER 2

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