60 Marks
3 Hours
EXAMINERS:
FIRST: DR ESN MKHWANAZI
SECOND: PROF P MUNGWINI
EXTERNAL:
, QUESTION 1: SHORT QUESTIONS:
Instructions for Question 1:
Write short answers for each question. The number alongside each question is the total mark
for the question.
1.1 What is the difference between dogma and a critically reasoned argument?
[write 3-4 sentences]
(4 marks)
1.2 What is an implicit conclusion in an argument? [write 2-3 sentences] (2 marks)
1.3 What is the difference between a premise indicator and a conclusion indicator
of an argument? Give an example of an argument in which you can show where
these indicators are. [write 3-4 sentences] (4 marks)
1.4 State the kind of writing found in each of the following statements:
1.4.1 For Kwasi Wiredu, the basic characteristic of folk philosophy is that it contains bald, non-
discursive assertions which are not supported by argument. (2 marks)
1.4.2 As for Thabo, after passing matric in 1975 he got a job as an unqualified teacher at
Thoko-Thaba secondary school, then got married in his second year of teaching. After
a year or two he obtained a mortgaged house through United bank in Thokoza Gardens.
(2 marks)
1.4.3 The term ‘oral’ refers to spoken words, to verbal expressions of thoughts in different
ways and styles. (2
marks)
1.5 What kind of definitions are in each of the following statements?
1.5.1 ‘Tigon’ is taken to mean the offspring of a male tiger and a female lion. (2 marks)
1.5.2 ‘Psychiatry’ means the fortuitous melding of modern medicine with psychology that
promises relief to thousands of poor, desperate souls who suffer the pains of emotional
disorder. (2 marks)
1.5.3 ‘Intractable’ means not easily governed; obstinate; unruly; not disposed to be taught.
, (2 marks)
1.6 State whether the following pieces of writings are mere sentences or
propositions (statements) in logical terms.
1.6.1 The Netherlands is smaller than Belgium as far as population is concerned. (2 marks)
1.6.2 Every triangle has three sides and three angles. (2 marks)
1.6.3 ‘Better be safe than sorry’ (2 marks)
1.6.4 ‘Mary, please come here! (2 marks)
1.6.5 Aristotle was educated in Africa. (2 marks)
1.7 Name the formal or informal fallacy found in each of the following arguments:
1.7.1 If students study hard, then they will pass their exams. Apparently, students did not study
hard. Therefore, we can conclude that they will not pass their exams.(1 mark)
1.7.2 The Law ought to be hard on men who abuse women for the reason that these men are
women abusers. (1 mark)
1.7.3 When I was touring South Africa, I met three white people on different occasions who
displayed some racist attitude to people of African descent. It seems to me that all
white people in South Africa are racist. (1 mark)
1.7.4 “Did you see how the EFF political party members conducted themselves in parliament
lately? They were screaming and shouting and climbing on top of the tables. This is
disgusting, and it does not matter what points they were raising. As civilized people
we cannot allow ourselves to be ruled by barbaric people. Clearly, we should not vote
for the EFF in 2024 general elections.” (1
mark)
[36]
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