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NAFC Nutrition Coach: Questions & Complete Answers
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NAFC Nutrition Coach: Questions & Complete AnswersWhat is the Structural and Functional Unit of any complex organism Right
Ans - Cell
Characteristics of Healthy Cells Right Ans - -Take in only the nutrients
needed to function properly
-Grow to a fairly uniform size and shape
-Multiply only when needed or directed to
-Don't infringe on each other's space
-Communicate and cooperate with each other for the good of the whole
organism
Characteristics of Unhealthy Cells Right Ans - -Take in all the nutrients they
can get, thereby depriving surrounding cells of vital nutrients
-Keep growing beyond their normal preprogrammed size and shape.
-Multiply out of control
-Infringe upon and push into and damage surrounding healthy cells
-Cease to communicate and/or cooperate with other cells or the body as a
whole. This leads to a breakdown in the function and structural integrity of
the tissue or organ involved.
Cell Theory States.. Right Ans - -Cells are the building blocks of plants and
animals
-All cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells
-Cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions
-Each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level
-Homeostasis at higher levels, reflects combined, coordinated action of many
cells
-The human body contains many different types of cells
Cytology Right Ans - The study of structure and function of cells
Homeostasis Right Ans - The property of a system (Cell, Tissue, Organ,
Organism) either open or closed, that regulates its internal environment and
tends to maintain a stable, constant condition.
A typical cell.. Right Ans - -Is surrounded by extra-cellular fluid, which is
the interstitial fluid of the tissue.
,-Has an outer boundary called a cell membrane
-Has many components including the cellular organelles. These organelles
carry out all the vital processes required for life.
-Must take in nutrients from the interstitial fluid; use those nutrients to create
all the substances needed to carry on life; secrete any products meant for use
outside the cell; as well as excrete all waste products
Cell Membrane Right Ans - The outer boundary of a cell
DNA Right Ans - Is a sequence of chemical bases that essentially stores
information in a "code" that tells the cell what proteins to make
When unraveled, how far would the DNA in each cell stretch? Right Ans - 2-
3 meters long
When unraveled, all of the DNA in a single body would stretch how far?
Right Ans - From the Earth to the Sun and around 400 times
How many DNA are in the body? Right Ans - Approximately 35,000 genes
that make up 300,000 different proteins
Gene Activation Right Ans - Initiates with Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Polymerase binding to the gene. (RNA Polymerase is a large protein)
Transcription Right Ans - The formation of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
(mRNA) from DNA.
mRNA Right Ans - Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What are the two types of organelles found in cells? Right Ans -
Membranous and Non-membranous
Membranous Organelles are surrounded by Right Ans - Lipid Membranes
Membranous Organelles also feature Right Ans - -Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Peroxisomes
-Mitochondria
,Non-Membranous Organelles are Right Ans - not enclosed by a membrane
and always in touch with the cytosol.
Non-Membranous Organelles also consist of Right Ans - -Cytoskeleton
-Microvilli
-Centrioles
-Cilia
-Ribosomes
-Proteasomes
Cell Membrane Right Ans - Provides isolation, support and protection;
controls movement of materials in and out of the cell; acts as a barrier
between the cell and its environment
Cell Wall Right Ans - Provides support that allows them to grow tall;
provides protection; allows water, oxygen and CO2 to diffuse in and out of the
cell
The ________ is the Border of the Country because it surrounds the cell Right
Ans - Cell Membrane
The ________ is the City Wall in a medieval city because it is stronger than the
Cell Membrane Right Ans - Cell Wall
The ______ is the solar energy panel of the cell because it uses sunlight to create
energy for the cell Right Ans - Chloroplast
The _____ is the Lawns, Parks, Forest and Foliage of the cell because it is the
cell landscape and is found in any space where organelles aren't. Right Ans
- Cytoplasam
The _____ is the Steel Girders as they give each cell its distinctive shape and
high level of organization Right Ans - Cytoskeleton
The ______ is the Highways and Road Systems because it its involved in so
many of metabolic processes Right Ans - Endoplasmic Reticulum
, The ______ is the Post Office/FedEx/UPS of the Cell because it sends proteins
created by the ER and ribosomes throughout the cell. Right Ans - Golgi
Apparatus
Contains the genetic info, 23 pairs in humans Right Ans - Chromosomes
The _______ is the Recycling and Disposal Plants of the cell, as it is involved in
breaking down large molecules for either recycling or waste removal Right
Ans - Lysosomes
The________ is the Cell's Energy plant as it converts glucose to ATP Right Ans
- Mitochondria
The______ is the Brain of the Cell because it houses a majority of the genetic
material and controls all activity within the cell Right Ans - Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane Right Ans - Controls movement of materials in/out of
nucleus
Nucleolus Right Ans - Inside Nucleus, Makes Ribosomes
The _____ are the Protein Manufacturing Plants because they synthesize
proteins Right Ans - Ribosomes
Vacuoles and Vesicles Right Ans - Bubbles in the cytosol that are
responsible for storage of food, water, waste with multiple functions. Involved
in material transport.
Proteins make up ____ of the cell's structure Right Ans - 50+%
Proteins carry out ____ of the cell's functions Right Ans - 90+%
What are the preferred fuel sources of the body? Right Ans - Fatty acids
and Glucose
What is Proteomics? Right Ans - The study of composition, structure,
function, and interactions of the proteins directing the activities of each living
cell
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