Psych 203 Exam 1 WVU || with Error-free Solutions.
content correct answers one of the 3 components of science; an organized body of knowledge on
a particular subject; universals of human behavior and human experience
method correct answers one of the 3 components of science; basic, applied, and evaluative
research
attitude correct answers one of the 3 components of science; science involves a way of looking at
the world that focuses on observable information over unobservable information, which is
evidence for one's claim
basic research correct answers goal to increase knowledge and understanding; focus on
describing, explainng, predicting behavior
applied research correct answers goal is to find practical solutions to real-world problems by
applying basic research findings; focus on controlling behavior
evaluative research correct answers goal is to evaluate existing treatments, interventions, or
programs to see if they have the real-world impact we want
tenacity correct answers something that is just known to be; tadition, folklore, something
everything knows
problems with tenacity correct answers not always accurate; mere exposure effect; refusal to
accept contradictory evidence
intuition correct answers hunch/feeling something is correct; often based on passed experiences
or knowledge, even if we cant explain it
problems with intuition correct answers difficult to determine accuracy; have to test sometimes
to check; good basis for investigation
authority correct answers trusted authority figure tells you the facts; can be useful, especially if
ideas fall outside of expertise
problems with authority correct answers What is the basis of the claim? How do you know they
are correct?; claims often go unchallenged so ppl think they are right
rationalism correct answers starting with basic principals, use logic or reasoning to estblish new
facts; philosophy
problems with rationalism correct answers if you start with false premises than your conclusion
will be wrong
, empiricism correct answers knowledge is based on direct observation; this approach is the basis
of science; need to observe systematically so they encompas all ppls perceptions
problems with empiricism correct answers not all phenomena are directly observable;
perceptions don't always equal reality; perceptual/cognative illusions
steps of scientific method correct answers 1. identify a problem
2. design the research study
3. conduct the study
4. analyze and interpret results
5. communicate the findings
6. continue research cycle
properties of a good theory correct answers make predictions on what new facts might emerge
and explain current info, are testable in principal and practice, aren't permanent and can change
in light of new facts
circle of knowledge correct answers OBSERVATIONS lead us to INDUCE a rule or THEORY
to explain the pattern, then we DEDUCE testable predictions or HYPOTHESES, then we can
DEDUCE the way the data should appear
deduction correct answers reasoning from the general to the specific; if premises are true then
conclusion must be true
induction correct answers reasoning from specific observations to a general rule; create a rule
from a series of examples; observations may support conclusion but doesnt insure truth
properties of a good hypothesis correct answers 1. linked to theory/literature
2. testable/falsifiable
3. precise
4. parsimonious/simple
testable correct answers a scientific study can be preformed to test the hypothesis
falsifiable correct answers at leat one potential observation should cause you to reject the
hypothesis
parsimony correct answers simpler explanations are preferred over more complex ones
operational definition correct answers the means by which we measure a construct, and are based
on external factors
criteria of good operational definition correct answers observable- can be directly measured
replicable- consistenly measured by anyone, using same technique
content correct answers one of the 3 components of science; an organized body of knowledge on
a particular subject; universals of human behavior and human experience
method correct answers one of the 3 components of science; basic, applied, and evaluative
research
attitude correct answers one of the 3 components of science; science involves a way of looking at
the world that focuses on observable information over unobservable information, which is
evidence for one's claim
basic research correct answers goal to increase knowledge and understanding; focus on
describing, explainng, predicting behavior
applied research correct answers goal is to find practical solutions to real-world problems by
applying basic research findings; focus on controlling behavior
evaluative research correct answers goal is to evaluate existing treatments, interventions, or
programs to see if they have the real-world impact we want
tenacity correct answers something that is just known to be; tadition, folklore, something
everything knows
problems with tenacity correct answers not always accurate; mere exposure effect; refusal to
accept contradictory evidence
intuition correct answers hunch/feeling something is correct; often based on passed experiences
or knowledge, even if we cant explain it
problems with intuition correct answers difficult to determine accuracy; have to test sometimes
to check; good basis for investigation
authority correct answers trusted authority figure tells you the facts; can be useful, especially if
ideas fall outside of expertise
problems with authority correct answers What is the basis of the claim? How do you know they
are correct?; claims often go unchallenged so ppl think they are right
rationalism correct answers starting with basic principals, use logic or reasoning to estblish new
facts; philosophy
problems with rationalism correct answers if you start with false premises than your conclusion
will be wrong
, empiricism correct answers knowledge is based on direct observation; this approach is the basis
of science; need to observe systematically so they encompas all ppls perceptions
problems with empiricism correct answers not all phenomena are directly observable;
perceptions don't always equal reality; perceptual/cognative illusions
steps of scientific method correct answers 1. identify a problem
2. design the research study
3. conduct the study
4. analyze and interpret results
5. communicate the findings
6. continue research cycle
properties of a good theory correct answers make predictions on what new facts might emerge
and explain current info, are testable in principal and practice, aren't permanent and can change
in light of new facts
circle of knowledge correct answers OBSERVATIONS lead us to INDUCE a rule or THEORY
to explain the pattern, then we DEDUCE testable predictions or HYPOTHESES, then we can
DEDUCE the way the data should appear
deduction correct answers reasoning from the general to the specific; if premises are true then
conclusion must be true
induction correct answers reasoning from specific observations to a general rule; create a rule
from a series of examples; observations may support conclusion but doesnt insure truth
properties of a good hypothesis correct answers 1. linked to theory/literature
2. testable/falsifiable
3. precise
4. parsimonious/simple
testable correct answers a scientific study can be preformed to test the hypothesis
falsifiable correct answers at leat one potential observation should cause you to reject the
hypothesis
parsimony correct answers simpler explanations are preferred over more complex ones
operational definition correct answers the means by which we measure a construct, and are based
on external factors
criteria of good operational definition correct answers observable- can be directly measured
replicable- consistenly measured by anyone, using same technique
