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AP EURO EXAM REVIEW Guide Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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AP EURO EXAM REVIEW GuideBalance of Power in Italian City-States - answer If one Italian city gained too much
power, the other city-states would combine forces and make sure that power between
all major city states was equal
"Father of Humanism" - answer Francesco Petrarch
How did Northern Humanists differ from their Italian predecessors? - answer In their
focus in the textual reexamination of the Bible and the writings of the early church
fathers.
Thomas More's Utopia? - answer Presented a revolutionary social order based on
communal living and property
What did Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince argue? - answer That a prince's highest
obligation was the preservation of his state.
Italian Renaissance Art can be best described as? - answer Neoclassicism in which the
traditional characteristics of harmony and symmetry were valued.
One of Machiavelli's most important ideas? - answerThe ends justifies the means. You
have to do what you can to maintain your power, including often times doing
harsh/brutal things. He did not advocate immoral behavior, but he believed that political
action cannot be restricted by moral considerations.
Key concepts of Northern Humanism? - answer- Mixing classical ideals with Christian
virtues-
-Stressed use of reason rather than dogma-
- Believed that human nature could be improved through education and reading
scripture
What economic industries made the city-state of Florence powerful? - answerBanking
and Textiles.
How did the city-states of Italy eventually have their power weakened/lost? - answerThe
city-states were not united, therefore providing the opportunity for countries such as
France to come and invade all the city-states.
Baldassare Castiglione - answerWriter best known for his novel, The Courtier, which
became a manual of proper behavior for gentleman and ladies for centuries to come.
, Humanism - answerKnown for interest in letters, power of knowledge, and the
glorification of man
Characteristics of Italian Renaissance - answer- Interest in classical antiquity-
- Perfect human form-
- High regard for the individual-
Erasmus - answerWrote On the Praise of Folly, stressed education and scripture
reading
What were the causes of the Reformation? - answera. Influence of Jan Hus
b. Babylonian Captivity/Great Schism
c. Printing Press
d. Church corruption (Simony, nepotism, pluralism)
e. Conciliarism
f. Suspicion of clergy/development of personal devotions
g. Greed of secular leaders who wanted more land.
h. Papal need for money (Indulgences)
What was Luther's key religious belief? - answerSalvation by faith alone.
Why did the German princes support Martin Luther? - answerLike Fredrick of Saxony,
these princes saw the benefit of converting to the Lutheran religion. They could keep
the taxes flowing to Rome for their own territorial power and church lands as well.
Who was Charles V? - answerThe Holy Roman Emperor who inherited and gained
many territories throughout his period of rule. He would eventually come to rule about
half of Europe.
What was Luther's opinion of the peasant revolts occurring? - answerLuther rejected the
peasants concept of secular liberty. He insisted that the peasants obey the civil
authorities, if not the religious ones. Society required civil obedience to avoid chaos.
Diet of Worms - answerCharles V orders Luther to attend in 1521 to state his case and
see if he will recant and apologize for what he did against the Catholic Church. Luther
refuses to recant.
Peace of Augsburg - answerGerman princes decide whether to be Protestant or
Catholic territory, Lutheranism is now legalized by Charles V.
Calvinism - answerProtestant sect developed by John Calvin, big idea was the concept
of predestination, in which God, being all-knowing, already knows if a personal is going
to go to Heaven and became part of the elect, or not.
Zwinglianism - answerProtestant sect developed by UIrich Zwingli- he had beliefs
similar to Luther except that he believed that NONE of the sacraments bestowed grace,
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