DNA Biology and Technology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+
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DNA Biology and Technology
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DNA Biology And Technology
DNA Biology and Technology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+
Hershey Chase Experiments - Answers 1952-just over 50 years ago they demonstrated that DNA is a genetic material.
Rosalind Franklin - Answers Discovered the double helix by X-ray diffraction photogragraph of DNA in 1950...
DNA Biology and Technology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+
Hershey Chase Experiments - Answers 1952-just over 50 years ago they demonstrated that DNA is a
genetic material.
Rosalind Franklin - Answers Discovered the double helix by X-ray diffraction photogragraph of DNA in
1950's
James Watson and Francis Crick - Answers In 1953 They Discovered the strucure of DNA,i.e. DNA is a
chain of nucleotides.
Each Nucleotide is compoosed of these 3 subunits: - Answers Phosphoric acid (phosphate),
pentose(5c)sugar(deoxyribose), and a nitrogen-containing base
The main purpose for the replication of DNA is: - Answers Growing and healing process, as in mitosis
(semi-conservative)(. Occurs in meiosis also.
Semi-conservative Replication - Answers Each Daughter DNA molecule consists of one new chain of
nucleotides and one from the parent DNA molecule. The two daughter DNA molecules will be identical
to the parent molecule. (think mitosis)
(Four possible bases) - Answers Adenine(A) Guanine(G)-both are purine,double rings and Thymine and
cytosine which are pyrimidine single rings
Complimentary Base Pairings - Answers Adenine(A) always goes with Thymine (T) and Guainine always
goes with Cytosine (C)
Introns and Exons - Answers Introns are non-coding segments(intervening) and exons are the portion of
a gene that is expressed. Introns are removed and ribozyme splices exons together.
DNA helicase - Answers Enzyme DNA helicase unwinds ad "unzips" the double stranded DNA.
DNA polymerase - Answers (Helps attach the nucleotides)New complimentary DNA (nucleotides are in
the nucleus) fit into place along the divided strands by complimentary base pairing. These are positioned
and joined by DNA polymerase.
DNA ligase - Answers (proofreads)repairs any breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone.
Three Classes of RNA - Answers Messenger RNA(mRNA)-Takes a message to the ribosomes,can leave the
nucleus. Transfer RNA(tRNA)-Transporting) Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes. and Ribosomal
RNA(rRNA)-Components Of ribosomes(along with proteins) helps build structure of ribosomes
Differences between RNA/DNA - Answers RNA-Ribose, uracil,single stranded,no helix. DNA deoxyribose
thymine doublestranded, has helix
, tRNA in depth - Answers single stranded, transports amino acids to ribosomes, correlates specific
nucleotide sequence with a specific amino acid, Amino acid binds to one end, the opposite end has an
anticodon, The order of mRNA codons determines the order in which RNA brings in amino acids.
rRna in depth - Answers has a binding site for mRNA and 2 tRNAs, facilitate complimentary base pairing,
ribosome moves along mRNA and new tRNAs come in and lin up in order, this brings amino acids in line
in a specific order to form a polypeptide, several ribosdomes may move along the same mRNA
codon - Answers "triplet" of bases directs placement of particular amino acids into polypeptide
anticodon - Answers A sequence of three adjeacent nucleotides located on one end of the tRNA. It
bounds to the complimentary coding triplet of nucleottides in messenger RNA during translation phase
of protein synthesis
Genes - Answers A segment of DNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. DNA does
not directly control protein, instead its information is transcribed in RNA, then translated into proteins
Gene Expression - Answers Going from the instructions to the finished product(DNA to PROTEINS)
GENE EXPRESSION STEPS REQS. - Answers Transcription and Translation
Transcription/Assembly of mRNA(in depth) - Answers RNA polymerase bind to a promoter(special DNA
sequence) DNA helix is opened so base pairing can occur RNA polymerase joins new RNA nucleotides in
a sequence complementary to that on the DNA segment Terminator sequence ends transcription
Transciption - Answers Synthesis of RNA under direction od DNA, Segments of DNA provide a template
for assembling RNA nucleotides, RNA molecule is a transcript of protein building instructions of that
gene
Translation - Answers Synthesis of polypeptides, Translation of RNA lnguage to amino acid language,
occurs at ribosomes, tRNA is the interpreter, "THE GENETIC CODE" "triplets" each 3-nucleotide unit is a
codon, There are 64 different mRNA codons 61 for particular amino acids, redundant code some amino
acids have some protectection against mutations 3 stop codon 4 termination
Processing of mRNA - Answers Primary mRNA becomes mature mRNA enzymes add a 5'cap and poly A
tail, contains bases complimentary to both intron and exon segments, Introns are removed and
ribozymes splices exons together
Translation Takes how many steps: - Answers 3-Initiation(energy),Elongation(energy),And termination,
(no energy)
Operon - Answers A cluster of structural and regulatory genes that act as a unit. Usually codes for
production of specific proteins.
Promoter - Answers A sequence of DNA where transcription begins
Operator - Answers A sequence of DNA where a repressor protein binds.
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