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INSTRUCTIONS:
There are TWO essay topics in this examination paper. Choose ONE essay topic. Your essay of
choice should be 500 words in length (approximately 1 ½ to 2 pages). Write down only the
question number (e.g., Question One) and your answer. There is no need to provide a title for
your essay.
Question 1 - Argumentative Essay
Read the excerpt below and answer the question that follow. In your responses, use the articles
listed below to support your claims.
Miao et al. (2024) assert that the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education
worldwide has sparked considerable debate among researchers. While some argue that AI introduces
significant advancements and efficiencies in educational practices, others contend that it poses
substantial challenges that could undermine the learning experience.
Adapted from: Miao, J., Thongprayoon, C., Suppadungsuk, S., Garcia Valencia, O. A., Qureshi,
F. & Cheungpasitporn, W. 2024. Ethical Dilemmas in Using AI for Academic Writing and an
Example Framework for Peer Review in Nephrology Academia: A Narrative Review. Clin.
Pract, 14, 89–105.
https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract 14010008
1. Based on the argument presented above, do you believe that Artificial Intelligence (AI) should
be integrated into teaching and learning at higher education institutions? AGREE or
DISAGREE with this statement and then provide at least THREE arguments to support your
answer.
Argumentative Essay: Should Artificial Intelligence (AI) Be Integrated into Higher Education?
The debate surrounding the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into higher education is
increasingly polarized, with compelling arguments on both sides. Some claim that AI can
revolutionize education by enhancing learning experiences and reducing the burden of administrative
tasks. Others, however, express concern about the ethical dilemmas it may present, especially in
terms of learning integrity, bias, and overreliance on technology. After evaluating the benefits and
drawbacks, I agree that AI should be integrated into higher education. However, this must be done
with clear ethical guidelines and limitations to mitigate potential risks. I will present three arguments
supporting this view.
Enhanced Learning Efficiency and Personalization
AI can significantly improve learning efficiency by tailoring educational content to individual
students. Chatbots and intelligent tutoring systems, for instance, can offer personalized learning
experiences by identifying a student's weaknesses and providing targeted assistance. As noted by
Miao et al. (2024), AI can automate repetitive tasks like grading, allowing educators to focus on
more complex instructional activities. This is particularly beneficial in higher education, where the
ability to meet diverse student needs is crucial. Furthermore, AI-powered platforms can enable
