sensory receptor - ANSWERSspecialized neuron that detects a particular category of physical events
sensory transduction - ANSWERSthe process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded
receptor potentials
receptor potential - ANSWERSslow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to
a physical stimulus that affects the release of neurotransmitters and modify the pattern of firing in
neurons with which sensory receptors form synapses
receptive fields - ANSWERSgroup of sensory receptors that send signals to the neuron
light travels at a constant speed of approximately - ANSWERS300,000 km (186,000 miles) per second
perceptual dimensions of color - ANSWERShue, brightness, and saturation
hue - ANSWERSdominant wavelength
brightness - ANSWERSintensity
saturation - ANSWERSrealtive purity
electromagnetic spectrum order - ANSWERSgamma rays, x-rays, UV rays, infrared rays, radar, television /
radio, AC circuits
saccadic movements - ANSWERSyou shift your gaze abruptly from one point to another
,pursuit movement - ANSWERSmovement that eyes make to maintain an image of a moving object on
fovea
cornea - ANSWERSouter layer at front of eye; transparent
pupil - ANSWERSopening in iris; pigmented ring of muscles behind cornea
lens - ANSWERS-transparent, onionlike layers
-highly flexible
-more rounded = near objects
-more stretched = far objects
-good for gathering light from world and projecting clear image on retina
accommodation - ANSWERSchanges in thickness of the lens of the eye, accomplished by the ciliary
muscles, that focus images of near or distant objects on retina
retina - ANSWERSinterior lining of back of eye where receptor cells are located
rod - ANSWERS-sensitive to light of low intensity; not present in fovea; provides only monochromatic
info; poor acuity -high convergence, so HIGH sensitivity and LOW spatial resolution
cone - ANSWERS-photopic (daytime) vision; high-acuity color info in good lighting; encodes color vision;
sensitive to moderate-to-high levels of light; provides info about hue; excellent acuity -low convergence,
so LOW sensitivity and HIGH spatial resolution
fovea - ANSWERScentral region of retina that mediates our most acute vision; only contains cones
optic disk - ANSWERSwhere axons conveying visual info gather together and leave eye through optic
nerve (blind spot)
, bipolar cells - ANSWERSneurons located in middle layer of retina that conveys info from photoreceptors
to ganglion cells
ganglion cell - ANSWERS-neurons located in retina that receives visual info from bipolar cells; its axons
give rise to optic nerve
-first cells to interpret color info
horizontal cell - ANSWERSneuron in retina that interconnects adjacent photoreceptors and outer
processes of bipolar cells
amacrine cell - ANSWERSneuron in retina that interconnects adjacent ganglion cells and inner processes
of bipolar cells
lamella - ANSWERSlayer of membrane containing photopigments; found in rods and cones of retina
dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) - ANSWERSin thalamus; receives input from retina and projects to
primary visual cortex
magnocellular layer - ANSWERS-one of inner two layers of neurons in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus;
transmits info necessary for perception of form, movement, depth, and small differences in brightness to
primary visual cortex
-no color
-high sensitivity to contrast
-low spatial resolution
-fast temporal resolution
pavocellular layer - ANSWERS-one of four layers of neurons in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits
info necessary for perception of color and fine details to primary visual cortex
-color: from "red" and "green" cones
-low sensitivity to contrast
-high spatial resolution
-slow temporal resolution
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