Summary
Summary - Life Sciences (Biology)
- Course
- Life Sciences
- Institution
- 12th Grade
biologie opsommings van graad 12 ieb sluit nie alles in nie!
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Plante voortplanting Biologie opsommings:Metodes van bestuiwing:
Bestuiwing – proses waardeur stuifmeel van meeldrade van 1 blom na stempel van
ander blom van selfde spesie oorgedra word.
Mees algeme metodes van bestuiwing = deur dierebestuiwers (wind kan ook
bestuiwingsagent wees)
Bestuiwer – agent wat gebruik word om stuifmeel van blom tot blom oor te dra.
Elke blom spesialiseer en is aangepas by sy voorkeurmetode van bestuiwing.
Dierebestuiwers bestuif blomme nie doelbewus, hul net opsoek na kos, wat blom aan
hul voorsien.
Windbestuifde blomme:
Gimnosperme + grasfamilie van angiosperme gebruik metode.
Wind hoef nie gelok te word om blomme te besoek nie, dus vermors blomme nie
onnodig energie om nektar, reuke of gekleurde blomblare te produseer (kenmerke van
dierebstuiwers).
Aanpassings van plante om windbestuiwing moontlik te maak:
1. Stuifmeel wat geproduseer word = glad en lig sodat maklik op lustrome dryf.
2. Stuifmeel is droog sodat nie in groupies saamkoek, maar vrylik dryf. Stuifmeel hoef nie
aan bestuiwer te klou en hoef dus nie taai te wees nie.
3. Helmknoppe is groot, aangesien groot hoeveelhede stuifmeel geproduseer moet word.
4. Papieragtige skutblare rondom blomme help om stuifmeel op te vang en in rigting van
stempel te stuur.
5. Blomme kan klein wees – daar geen landingsplek vir betuiwers nodig.
6. Stempels taai + veeragtig om stuifmeel op te vang en is onder meeldrade geleë.
7. Blomme vaal/onopvallend. Nie ongewoon vir windbestuifde blomme om afsonderlike
geslagte te wees, maar nie albei, meer algemeen in dierbestuifde blomme.
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