HNF 250 Quiz 2 Questions with All Correct Answers
what is the Australian sports commission? - Answer- put an ABCD grade on safety based on research for sport supplements
how can you determine if your on a credible site? - Answer- who is running the site, who pays for the site, and what is the ...
HNF 250 Quiz 2 Questions with All
Correct Answers
what is the Australian sports commission? - Answer- put an ABCD grade on safety
based on research for sport supplements
how can you determine if your on a credible site? - Answer- who is running the site, who
pays for the site, and what is the purpose of the site
what is the source of information, is there evidence, who reviewed what was posted,
and how current is the information
how were there information chosen, what does the website focus on, how does it
manage interactions with users, can you verify the information
what does SPEEL mean?whats its purpose - Answer- safe, pure, effective, ethical, and
legal
what are omega-3 fatty acids associated with? - Answer- association with low CVD risk
from high fatty fish consumption
when did the claim that omega 3 from fatty fish is associated with low CVD? - Answer-
observation of cultures with high fatty fish consumption (ecological) then leading to
cohort studies
fish oil supplementation studies followed these
what is the current recommendation for fish oil? - Answer- from the american heart
association:
2 servings of fatty fish per week
no data shows PRIMARY prevention among low and high risk individuals
could reduce coronary heart disease death for those that have had the disease
individuals should only take supplements form physician guidance
How does omega-3 fatty acids impact the body? - Answer- lower inflammation and
increase endothelial function and vasodilation
decrease triglycerides and remnant lipoproteins
,increase blood rheology
all these stablize plaque and protect cardiovascular system
is there evidence for omega-3 supplementation - Answer- clinical significant decrease in
TG but nothing else, no recommended clinical use or guidelines suggest reduction, and
a meta showed only two studies said benefits
overall, not a lot of evidence for reduction in CVD, in primary prevention, more research
necessary and looking into subgroups is helpful
what limitations are there in studies of fish oil? - Answer- differences in
design/conduction of experiment
publication bias as one positive study was cited so many times
how can you interpret the varying evidence on fish oil? - Answer- reductionist theory
says fatty fish are high in other nutrients and could just be healthier overall, maybe thats
why CVD is lower in these areas
what can you conclude on dietary supplementation overall? - Answer- not necessarily
safe but there are number of resources to use to find good ones
research suggests fish oil does not reduce CVD, it still increases in sales
what is a DRI? - Answer- set of reference values for specific individual nutrients
gives a quantitative value of mg/day based on its specific effect on the body
how many nutrients are under a single DRI? - Answer- A DRI is set for one nutrient
who are DRI references based on? - Answer- dietary reference intakes
healthy people; both individual level and group level
limited to this group, people who are ill or have a chronic conditions can not follow this
recommendation
when did dietary intake recommendations first start? - Answer- after the war, there was
an economic depression and a fall in the food chain
looked for how much food is actually needed (the minimum)
when was the RDA proposed and what does it stand for? - Answer- Recommended
Dietary Allowance that was proposed for review in 1941
, it was only one value
when was the full report on RDAs published - Answer- 1943, 2 years after proposed
review
what was the goal of RDA after first report? - Answer- revise it every 5 years, however it
was not fully full-filled and the last one was published in 1989
when was the DRI beginning to replace RDAs? - Answer- in 1994, RDA was expanded
to DRIs (dietary reference intake) since a single value does not meet the needs of
individuals
issue is on overconsumption and chronic disease prevention now, especially since
values were low balling (undernutrition)
what is the timeline of DRIs? - Answer- 2015 DRI focused on prevention of chronic
diseases and had workshops with follow up discussions
2016 had studies to design ways to inform principles that the committees can use to
include chronic disease endpoints
2019 included a new item of chronic disease risk reduction that addresses chronic
disease risks
Why were DRI's developed and looked to replace RDAs? - Answer- they addressed the
population-oriented tasks like war or economic depression
want to plan for large-scale food supplies and food programs that may be necessary
the was a limit to the application of RDA on an individual bases because the nutrients of
an individual is always unknown
what are limitations of DRIs? - Answer- applications at an individual level are difficult,
nutritional needs for one person is always unknown
they can't address dietary pattern or individual nutrients
what are the quantitative reference values of DRIs? - Answer- RDA (Recommended
Dietary Allowance), EAR (Estimated Average Requirement), AI (Adequate Intake), UL
(Tolerable Upper Intake Level), Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Level - NEW (Na/K),
AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range), Estimated Energy Requirement
(EER): energy balance
what is an RDA in DRIs? - Answer- it is the recommended dietary allowance that is
statistically DERIVED FROM EAR
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