PHA 430 Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
_______ are any agent inducing an immune response. - ANSWERSimmunogens
________ are any agent capable of binding specifically to components of immune response. - ANSWERSantigens
Carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are _______ antigens. - ...
_______ are any agent inducing an immune response. - ANSWERSimmunogens
________ are any agent capable of binding specifically to components of immune response. -
ANSWERSantigens
Carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are _______ antigens. - ANSWERSweak
Proteins are _______ antigens. - ANSWERSstrong
What is the difference between an antigen and immunogen? - ANSWERSAn antigen may or may not
induce an immune response while an immunogen will always produce an immune response
Thymus (dependent or independent) antigens produce a B and T cell response. - ANSWERSdependent
Thymus (dependent and independent) antigens produce a B cell response only. - ANSWERSindependent
The Fab portion of an antibody is for what? - ANSWERSbinding
The Fc portion of an antibody is for what? - ANSWERScrystallization
What are the functions of IgG? - ANSWERS- agglutination, precipitation, and opsonisation
IgM has _____ binding sites - ANSWERS10 (pentamer)
A large amount of IgM is produced after ________. - ANSWERSvaccination
IgM is produced in response to ____________antigens. - ANSWERSthymus independent
High levels of _______ indicate recent infection. - ANSWERSIgM
What are some benefits to the large size of IgM? - ANSWERS- will not cross placenta
- remains in blood
- best antibody for blood infections because of large binding sites
Elevated levels of IgM in a fetus indicates what? - ANSWERScongenital infection
What aspect of IgM makes it great at agglutination? - ANSWERSit has 10 binding sites
Where is IgM synthesized? - ANSWERSplacenta
What is the major immunoglobulin found in secretions? - ANSWERSIgA
What immunoglobulin has a role in mucosal infections? - ANSWERSIgA
IgA has _________ activity. - ANSWERSbactericidal and antiviral
_______ is present on the surface of B lymphocytes and causes the differentiation of B cells to a more
mature form. - ANSWERSIgD
,What immunoglobulin protects against parasites? - ANSWERSIgE
________ has an important role in hypersensitivity. - ANSWERSIgE
The IgE receptor is on______ cells. - ANSWERSmast
(Secondary or Primary) response has a shorter lag phase and an extended plateau and decline. -
ANSWERSsecondary
The antibody titer is greater in a ________ response. - ANSWERSsecondary
(Secondary or Primary) response consists of exposure to a new antigen, prolonged lag phase, small
amount of IgG present and more IgM, a small plateau, and rapid decline. - ANSWERSPrimary
(IgG or IgM) is more prevalent in a secondary response. - ANSWERSIgG
Where do T cells develop? - ANSWERSthymus
Where do B cells differentiate? - ANSWERSfetal liver and adult bone marrow
______ cells do not possess T or B cell receptors. - ANSWERSNK
What is a major difference between B and T cells? - ANSWERSB cells do not go through the thymus
(B or T) cells secrete antibodies. - ANSWERSB
What is the definitive T cell marker? - ANSWERScell antigen receptor (TCR)
Which T cell receptor is composed of gamma and delta chains? - ANSWERSTCR-1
, Which T cell receptor is composed of alpha and beta chains? - ANSWERSTCR-2
Both TCR receptor are associated with complex of polypeptides making up the ______ complex. -
ANSWERSCD3
Which T cell receptor is more prevalent? - ANSWERSTCR-2
CD3 is responsible for ___________ - ANSWERSsignal transduction
What chains made up CD3? - ANSWERSzeta, gamma, delta, gamma, delta, zeta
TCR-2 cells are divided into what two subsets? - ANSWERSCD4+ and CD8+
CD4+ are also referred to as ___________. - ANSWERSHelper T cells
CD8+ are also known as - ANSWERScytotoxic T cells
What are the two subsets of CD4+? - ANSWERSCDw29+
CD45R+
________ positively influence the immune response of T cells and B cells-the helper function. -
ANSWERSCDw29+
_______ induce cytotoxic function in CD8+ cells. - ANSWERSCD45R+
What are the two subsets of CD8+? - ANSWERSCD28+
CD11b+
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