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Chapter 5 The Structure of the Atom Questions with Solutions
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Chapter 5 The Structure of the Atom
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Chapter 5 The Structure of the AtomIf I were to scale up an atom until it were the size of a sports arena, the space filled by
the positive charges inside the atom (according to the work of Ernest Rutherford early in
this century) would be: - answer very small (perhaps the size of a soccer ball) and in the
middle
Atoms typically consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The most common isotope
of one element, however, only has two of these three types of particles. This element is:
- answerhydrogen
Two versions of an element with different numbers of neutrons are called: -
answerisotopes
In 1911 Ernest Rutherford did a famous experiment using fast-moving alpha particles as
bullets and very thin gold foil as a target. The results of this experiment showed that: -
answerthat the nucleus of an atom was tiny compared to the size of the whole atom
As of the time our textbook went to press, 118 different elements had been discovered.
All of the ones with atomic number over 92 have been made in physics laboratories.
When element 119 (one that has not yet been identified) is found, provided it is like the
other artificially made elements, it will: - answeronly remain stable for an extremely
small fraction of a second
The idea that atoms radiate energy only when their electrons move from higher to lower
energy levels was first advanced by: - answerNiels Bohr
Why do different types of atoms (elements) give off or absorb different spectral lines? -
answerbecause the spacing of the energy levels is different in different atoms
When an atom has lost one or more electrons, it is said to be: - answerionized
What happens as an electron falls from a higher level to a lower level in an atom? -
answera photon is given off
To go from a lower level in an atom to a higher level, an electron must - answerabsorb a
photon of energy
Planck's constant relates: - answerthe frequency of a wave to its energy (when thought
of as a photon)
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