Renaissance - answer-"Rebirth" coined by Georgio Vasari, The revival of letters, and then of art, from 14th to 16th centuries
city-states - answer-a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
printing press - answer-invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first bo...
AP Euro; 7 Renaissance and Reformation
Renaissance - answer-"Rebirth" coined by Georgio Vasari, The revival of letters, and
then of art, from 14th to 16th centuries
city-states - answer-a city with political and economic control over the surrounding
countryside
printing press - answer-invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was
Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war
declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of
distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects
Northern Renaissance - answer-the movement in Art in Germany and Flanders that
reflected greater religious tones; , Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed
Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature
Protestant Reformation - answer-Religious reform movement within the Latin
Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several
new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and
the Church of England. (p. 446)
Holy Roman Empire - answer-Loose federation of mostly German states and
principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to
1806. (pp. 260, 449)
popolo - answer-italian underclass; a new force that disenfranchised and heavily
taxed the people bitterly for being excluded from holding power. They used armed
force and violence to take over the government. (p.416-417)
Ciompi Revolt - answer-1378 violent struggle against Florentine government by
popolo; resulted in brief tenuous control of poor over gov't
Papal States - answer-A group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from
754 until 1870. They were originally given to the papacy by Pepin the Short and
reached their greatest extent in 1859. The last papal state—the Vatican City—was
formally established as a separate state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929.
patrons - answer-People who financially supported artists.
Francesco Petrarch - answer-Known as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He
lived from 1304-1374 as a cleric and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and
careful study of the classics. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except for
his sonnets, which were composed to his "lady love" who spoke no Latin.
Dark Ages - answer-refers to Europe in Middle Ages, lack of Latin literature, lack of
contemporary written history, lack of material cultural achievements in general
, Pico della Mirandola - answer-Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man
was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection.
Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no
limits to what man can accomplish.
Castiglione - answer-author of The Book of the Courtier which offered "how-to"
advice to a member of the court of the Renaissance
Lorenzo Valla - answer-(1406-1457) On Pleasure, and On the False Donation of
Constantine, which challenged the authority of the papacy. Father of modern
historical criticism.
Leonardo Bruni - answer-His New Cicero identified "Classical Latin" as well as the
foundations of civic humanism.
Christine de Pisan - answer-"The City of Ladies;" Began a new debate over the
proper role of women in society. Europe's first feminist, and well educated in France
Filippo Brunelleschi - answer-Florentine architect who was the first great architect of
the Italian Renaissance (1377-1446); built first dome
High Renaissance - answer-the artistic style of early 16th century painting in
Florence and Rome
Julius II - answer-r(1503-1513) Pope - very militaristic. Tore down the old Saint
Peter's Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. Sponsored
Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel.
Leonardo da Vinci - answer-Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist
and architect; Mona Lisa and Last Supper
Raphael - answer-Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the
High Renaissance (1483-1520); The School of Athens
Christian Humanists - answer-The leaders of the northern Renaissance (More and
Erasmus)
Erasmus - answer-Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance
scholar of northern Europe
In Praise of Folly - answer-written by Erasmus, criticized the problems of the Church
Thomas More - answer-English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from
Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded, wrote Utopia
Utopia - answer-a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on
an imaginary island; common property
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